Effective equilibrium theory of nonequilibrium quantum transport

DOI10.1016/J.AOP.2011.07.001MaRDI QIDQ654879zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Juan-Miguel Gracia

Publication date 23 December 2011

Published in Annals of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.1526

zbMATH Keywords

Abrikosov-Suhl resonanceAnderson modelmany-body theorynonequilibrium quantum transportquantum dotsSchwinger-Keldysh formalism

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Feynman integrals and graphs; applications of algebraic topology and algebraic geometry (81Q30) Quantum dots, waveguides, ratchets, etc. (81Q37) Transport processes in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C70)

Abstract: The theoretical description of strongly correlated quantum systems out of equilibrium presents several challenges and a number of open questions persist. In this paper we focus on nonlinear electronic transport through an interacting quantum dot maintained at finite bias using a concept introduced by Hershfield [Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2134 (1993)] whereby one can express such nonequilibrium quantum impurity models in terms of the system's Lippmann-Schwinger operators. These scattering operators allow one to reformulate the nonequilibrium problem as an effective equilibrium problem associated with a modified Hamiltonian. In this paper we provide a pedagogical analysis of the core concepts of the effective equilibrium theory. First, we demonstrate the equivalence between observables computed using the Schwinger-Keldysh framework and the effective equilibrium approach, and relate the Green's functions in the two theoretical frameworks. Second, we expound some applications of this method in the context of interacting quantum impurity models. We introduce a novel framework to treat effects of interactions perturbatively while capturing the entire dependence on the bias voltage. For the sake of concreteness, we employ the Anderson model as a prototype for this scheme. Working at the particle-hole symmetric point, we investigate the fate of the Abrikosov-Suhl resonance as a function of bias voltage and magnetic field.

Review text

The theoretical description of strongly correlated quantum systems out of equilibrium presents several challenges, and a number of open questions persists. The authors focus on nonlinear electronic transport through an interacting quantum dot maintained at finite bias using a concept introduced by \textit{S. Hershfield} [``Reformulation of steady state nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, No.~14, 2134--2137 (1993; \url{doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2134})] whereby one can express such nonequilibrium quantum impurity models in terms of the system's Lippman-Schwinger operators. These scattering operators allow one to reformulate the nonequilibrium problem as an effective equilibrium problem associated with a modified Hamiltonian. In this paper, a pedagogical analysis of the core concepts of the effective equilibrium theory is provided. First, the equivalence between observables computed using the Schwinger-Keldysh framework and the effective equilibrium approach is demonstrated, and Green's functions in the two theoretical frameworks are related to one another. Secondly, some applications of this method are explained in the context of interacting quantum impurity models. A novel framework to treat effects of interactions perturbatively while capturing the entire dependence on the bias voltage is introduced. For the sake of concreteness, the Anderson model is employed as a prototype for this scheme. Working at the particle-hole symmetric point, the self-energy of an electron on the dot to second order in the interaction strength is derived, capturing the complete nonlinear bias dependence. This result is then used to study the spectral function of the dot within the Born approximation. The observed central peak can be regarded as a precursor of the much sharper Abrikosov-Suhl (Kondo) peak. The Abrikosov-Suhl resonance is investigated as a function of bias voltage and magnetic field.

Recommendations

• Fermi Liquid Theory for the Nonequilibrium Kondo Effect at Low Bias Voltages
• Out-of-Equilibrium Anderson Model at High and Low Bias Voltages
• Nonequilibrium shot noise spectrum through a quantum dot in the Kondo regime: a master equation approach under self-consistent Born approximation
• Non-equilibrium STLS approach to transport properties of single impurity Anderson model
• Nonequilibrium Keldysh formalism for interacting leads -- application to quantum dot transport driven by spin bias

Cites work

• Brownian Motion of a Quantum Oscillator
• Charge fractionalization in nonchiral Luttinger systems
• Out-of-Equilibrium Anderson Model at High and Low Bias Voltages
• Out-of-Equilibrium Transport Phenomena through a Quantum Dot in a Magnetic Field
• The Formal Theory of Scattering
• Transport through a Kondo quantum dot: functional RG approach
• Twofold advance in the theoretical understanding of far-from-equilibrium properties of interacting nanostructures
• Variational Principles for Scattering Processes. I

Cited in

(10)

• Non-equilibrium scaling analysis of the Kondo model with voltage bias
• Nonequilibrium shot noise spectrum through a quantum dot in the Kondo regime: a master equation approach under self-consistent Born approximation
• Full counting statistics in the resonant-level model
• Twofold advance in the theoretical understanding of far-from-equilibrium properties of interacting nanostructures
• Nonequilibrium Keldysh formalism for interacting leads -- application to quantum dot transport driven by spin bias
• Out-of-Equilibrium Anderson Model at High and Low Bias Voltages
• Atom transistor from the point of view of nonequilibrium dynamics
• Nonlinear entangled quantum dynamics in many-body systems with strong electron correlation
• Nonequilibrium configuration interaction method for transport in correlated quantum systems
• Application of hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) to time dependent quantum transport at zero and finite temperatures

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