Metric, stratifiable and uniform spaces of G-permutation degree

Categories of topological spaces and continuous mappings (18F60) Quotient spaces, decompositions in general topology (54B15) Higher separation axioms (completely regular, normal, perfectly or collectionwise normal, etc.) (54D15) Uniform structures and generalizations (54E15) Stratifiable spaces, cosmic spaces, etc. (54E20) Semimetric spaces (54E25) Metric spaces, metrizability (54E35)

Review text

Let \(X=(X,\tau)\) be a (topological) space and \(\tau_c:=\{X\backslash U:U\in\tau\}\) the collection of closed subsets of \(X\). An \textbf{open stratification} (resp., \textbf{closed stratification}) of \(X\) is a subset sequence assignment \(\tau\rightarrow\tau^\mathbb{N}\), \(U\mapsto \{U_n\}_{n=1}^\infty\) (resp., \(\tau\rightarrow\tau_c{}^\mathbb{N}\), \(U\mapsto \{U_n\}_{n=1}^\infty\)) such that for all \(U,V\in\tau\), (i) each closure \(\overline{U}_n\subset U\), (ii) \(U=\bigcup_{n=1}^\infty U_n\), and (iii) if \(V\subset U\) then each \(V_n\subset U_n\). A space is \textbf{metrizable} (resp., \textbf{uniformizable}) if it is homeomorphic to a metric space (resp., uniform space), \textbf{stratifiable} if it is \(T_1\) and has an open stratification [\textit{C. J. R. Borges}, Pac. J. Math. 17, 1--16 (1966; Zbl 0175.19802)], \textbf{semi-stratifiable} if it has a closed stratification [\textit{G. D. Creede}, ibid. 32, 47--54 (1970; Zbl 0189.23304)], and \textbf{semi-metrizable} if it is both stratifiable and first countable [\textit{T. G. Raghavan} and \textit{I. L. Reilly}, Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 18, 219--225 (1987; Zbl 0622.54022)].\N\NConsider a space \(X\), a positive integer \(n\geq 1\), the symmetric/permutation group \(S_n\) of \(\{1,2,\dots,n\}\), and a subgroup \(G\) of \(S_n\). We know that \(G\) acts on \(X^n=\{x=(x_1,\dots,x_n):x_i\in X\}\) by the map \(G\times X^n\rightarrow X^n\), \((\sigma,x)\mapsto x_\sigma:=(x_{\sigma(1)},\dots,x_{\sigma(n)})\). Let \([x]_G:=\{x_\sigma:\sigma\in G\}\) denote the \textbf{\(G\)-orbit} of \(x\) in \(X^n\). The \textbf{\(G\)-permutation degree} of \(X\) is the set of orbits SP\(^n_GX:=\{[x]_G:x\in X^n\}\) viewed as the quotient space of \(X^n\) with quotient map \(\pi^n_G:X^n\rightarrow\textrm{SP}^n_GX\), \(x\mapsto[x]_G\). The operation SP\(^n_G\) defines a covariant functor on (specific) categories of spaces according to [\textit{V. V. Fedorchuk}, Russ. Math. Surv. 36, No. 3, 211--233 (1981; Zbl 0495.54008); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 36, No. 3(219), 177--195 (1981)] and the problem ``If property \(P\) holds for a space \(X\), is the same true about SP\(^n_GX\)? is of great interest.\N\NThis paper studies metrizability (via Theorem 3.3), semi-metrizability (via Theorem 4.6), stratifiability (via Theorem 4.2), semi-stratifiability (via Theorem 4.4), and uniformizability (via Theorem 5.3) of the space SP\(^n_GX\), proving among other things that, for each of these properties, SP\(^n_GX\) has the property if and only if \(X\) has the property (with \(X\) assumed to be \(T_1\) in the stratifiability and semi-stratifiability results). With regard to the \textbf{universality problem} (i.e., whether or not, in a given class of spaces, there exists a \textbf{universal element}, as one into which all other elements of the class can be embedded) from [\textit{S. D. Iliadis}, Universal spaces and mappings. Amsterdam: Elsevier (2005; Zbl 1072.54001)], certain classes of uniformizable \(T_0\) spaces are noted to have universal elements, while some open problems are posed concerning the existence of universal elements in the classes of metrizable, sem-metrizable, stratifiable, and semi-stratifiable spaces.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(4)

This page was built for publication: Metric, stratifiable and uniform spaces of \(G\)-permutation degree

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q6550098)