Qualitative structures near a degenerate fixed point of a discrete ratio-dependent predator-prey system
Symmetries, invariants of ordinary differential equations (34C14) Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Invariant manifolds for ordinary differential equations (34C45) Fixed points and periodic points of dynamical systems; fixed-point index theory; local dynamics (37C25) Dynamical systems in biology (37N25) Discrete version of topics in analysis (39A12) Growth, boundedness, comparison of solutions to difference equations (39A22) Stability theory for difference equations (39A30) Applications of difference equations (39A60) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)
The authors consider a ratio-dependent predator-prey model that can be written as\N\[\N\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} x_{k+1}=x_ke^{m\beta(1-x_k-\mu_2y_k)},\\\Ny_{k+1}=y_ke^{n\alpha(1-\mu_1x_k-y_k)}, \end{array} \right.\N\]\Nwhose degenerate fixed point \((1,0)\) has eigenvalues \(\pm1\) if and only if \(\mu_1=1\) and \(m\beta=2\).\NBy the use of the associated normal form, Picard iteration and Taken's theorem, the discrete model is transformed into an ordinary differential system. Then some blow-up techniques are used to investigate the stability and the qualitative structures near the degenerate fixed point.
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