A new characterization of sporadic simple group M₂₂ via its vanishing elements
A vanishing element of a finite group \(G\) is a group element \(g\in G\) such that \(\chi(g)=0\) for some irreducible complex character \(\chi\) of \(G\). The vanishing prime graph \(\Gamma(G)\) of \(G\) is the graph whose vertices are the primes dividing the order of some vanishing element of \(G\), and two distinct vertices \(p\) and \(q\) are adjacent if and only if \(pq\) divides the order of some vanishing element of \(G\). This graph was first studied by \textit{S. Dolfi} et al. [J. Group Theory 13, No. 2, 189--206 (2010; Zbl 1196.20029); J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 82, No. 1, 167--183 (2010; Zbl 1203.20024)]. The main result of the note under review is that \(\Gamma(G) = \Gamma(M_{22})\) for some finite group \(G\) implies \(G \cong M_{22}\).
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