Colength one deformation rings

To questions of local-global compatibility in the $\bmod p$ and $p$-adic Langlands program, including the weight part of Serre's conjecture several of authors have noticed that calculations of various potentially crystalline deformation spaces can be applied [\textit{M. Emerton} et al., Invent. Math. 200, No. 1, 1--96 (2015; Zbl 1396.11089); \textit{D. Le} et al., ``Extremal weights and a tameness criterion for mod $p$ Galois representations, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2206.06442}; \textit{D. Le} et al., Invent. Math. 231, No. 3, 1277--1488 (2023; Zbl 1522.11047); \textit{A. Dotto} and \textit{D. Le}, Compos. Math. 157, No. 8, 1653--1723 (2021; Zbl 1480.11081)]. Following the work of [\textit{D. Le} et al., ``Extremal weights and a tameness criterion for mod $p$ Galois representations, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2206.06442}], the authors of the paper under review present the following main result for representations of $\mathrm{Gal}((\overline{\mathbb Q}_{p})/(\mathbb Q_{p}))$. Theorem. Let $E$ be a finite extension of $\mathbb Q_{p}$ with ring of integers $O$ and residue field $F$. Let $\rho:\mathrm{Gal}((\overline{\mathbb Q}_{p})/(\mathbb Q_{p}))\to\mathrm{GL}_{n}(F)$ a continuous Galois representation, $\tau$ a $3n$-7-generic tame inertial type, $\eta=(n-1,\cdots,1,0)\in Z^n$, and $R_\rho^{\eta,\tau}$ the lifting ring for potentially crystalline representations of type $(\eta,\tau)$. If $R_\rho^{\eta,\tau}$ is nonzero and the colength of the shape $w(\rho,\tau)$ is at most one, then $R_\rho^{\eta,\tau}$ is formally smooth over $O$. As they say in their paper under review ``Our principal motivation in writing this paper was to apply the above Theorem to prove the weight elimination and $\bmod p$ multiplicity one results necessary to make unconditional the local-global compatibility result of [\textit{C. Park}, ``On $\operatorname{mod}\, p$ local-global compatibility for $\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{Q}_p)$ in the ordinary case, Mém. Soc. Math. Fr. (N.S.), 150 p. (2022)] which states roughly that the local mod p Galois representation at $p$ can be recovered from the $\mathrm{GL}_{n}(\mathbb Q_{p})$-action on the Hecke isotypic part of the mod p completed cohomology of a definite unitary group. The paper under review is well written excellent research and an interesting source for interested researchers in the field.

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