Open orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants of [C^3/Z_n]: Localization and mirror symmetry

DOI10.1007/S00029-011-0060-4MaRDI QIDQ657840zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 10 January 2012

Published in Selecta Mathematica. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.0934

B-model Calabi-Yau orbifold Eynard-Orantin recursion Givental's J-function Lagrangian submanifold mirror symmetry open Gromov-Witten invariants

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Mirror symmetry (algebro-geometric aspects) (14J33) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Gopakumar-Vafa invariants, Donaldson-Thomas invariants (algebro-geometric aspects) (14N35) Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30)

Abstract: We develop a mathematical framework for the computation of open orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants of [C^3/Z_n], and provide extensive checks with predictions from open string mirror symmetry. To this aim we set up a computation of open string invariants in the spirit of Katz-Liu, defining them by localization. The orbifold is viewed as an open chart of a global quotient of the resolved conifold, and the Lagrangian as the fixed locus of an appropriate anti-holomorphic involution. We consider two main applications of the formalism. After warming up with the simpler example of [C^3/Z_3], where we verify physical predictions of Bouchard, Klemm, Marino and Pasquetti, the main object of our study is the richer case of [C^3/Z_4], where two different choices are allowed for the Lagrangian. For one choice, we make numerical checks to confirm the B-model predictions; for the other, we prove a mirror theorem for orbifold disc invariants, match a large number of annulus invariants, and give mirror symmetry predictions for open string invariants of genus leq 2.

Review text

Compared to the Gromov-Witten invariants of closed holomorphic curves invariants of their open counterparts are poorly understood and a satisfactory general definition of them is still lacking. These invariants are supposed to count holomorphic curves in a variety \(X\) with the boundaries on a Lagrangian submanifold \(L\subset X\). In addition to geometry their values depend on ``framing of \(L\), which remains mysterious in general. Most explicit computations rely on physical heuristics and involve mirror symmetry and/or large \(N\) duality. However, in some special cases open invariants can be defined ad hoc and computed mathematically. One of the computable cases, considered by \textit{S. Katz} and \textit{C.-C. M. Liu} [Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 5, No. 1, 1--49 (2001; Zbl 1026.32028)], is when \(X\) is a Calabi-Yau threefold and \(L\) is a fixed locus of an antiholomorphic involution with a suitable torus action. Framing can then be identified with a choice of the action. Katz and Liu postulated a perfect obstruction theory for this case, analogous to the closed case, and computed the open invariants by virtual localization for the resolved conifold \(X=\mathcal{O}(-1)\oplus\mathcal{O}(-1)\) with a natural Lagrangian in it. The paper under review presents a similar computation for the Calabi-Yau orbifolds \(\mathbb{C}^3/\mathbb{Z}_n\) with suitable Lagrangians. The fixed loci of the torus action comprise a compact curve with twisted marked points and attached orbi-discs. It is the disc contributions, reflecting the \(\mathbb{Z}_n\) action on \(\mathbb{C}^3\), that are essentially new compared to the Katz-Liu case. All open invariants are reduced recursively to the degree \(0\) closed Gromov-Witten invariants with descendants, and a special function that the authors name the disc function. Although the approach works for any \(n\), explicit computations are performed for \(n=3,4\) with two different choices for the Lagrangian when \(n=4\), symmetric and asymmetric. Large part of the paper compares the results to mirror symmetry predictions based on \(B\)-model computations. The authors perform them within the paper, and one of the sections is an exposition of the \(B\)-model aimed at mathematicians. In particular, the mirror pair \((\widehat{X},\widehat{L})\) is constructed explicitly following Aganagic-Vafa, and Eynard-Orantin recursions for higher genus \(B\)-model invariants are reviewed in detail. For \(\mathbb{C}^3/\mathbb{Z}_3\) and the asymmetric Lagrangian in \(\mathbb{C}^3/\mathbb{Z}_4\) both the disc and the annulus potentials agree with the mirror computations. In the latter case this confirms that the annulus potential is a quasi-modular form of \(\Gamma(2)\subset \mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})\). However, for the symmetric Lagrangian in \(\mathbb{C}^3/\mathbb{Z}_4\) there is a phase discrepancy. The authors speculate that \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-isotropy on the fixed circle of the Lagrangian produces a non-trivial normalizing factor.

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