The combined effect of connectivity and dependency links on percolation of networks

DOI10.1007/S10955-011-0333-5zbMATH Open1231.82027arXiv1106.1631OpenAlexW3102295892MaRDI QIDQ658422FDOQ658422

Authors: Amir Bashan, Shlomo Havlin 

Publication date: 12 January 2012

Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Percolation theory is extensively studied in statistical physics and mathematics with applications in diverse fields. However, the research is focused on systems with only one type of links, connectivity links. We review a recently developed mathematical framework for analyzing percolation properties of realistic scenarios of networks having links of two types, connectivity and dependency links. This formalism was applied to study Erd$ddoto$s-R$acutee$nyi (ER) networks that include also dependency links. For an ER network with average degree $k$ that is composed of dependency clusters of size $s$, the fraction of nodes that belong to the giant component, $P_{i}nfty$, is given by $P_{i}nfty=p^{s-1}[1-exp(-kp{P}_{i}nfty){]}^s$ where $1-p$ is the initial fraction of randomly removed nodes. Here, we apply the formalism to the study of random-regular (RR) networks and find a formula for the size of the giant component in the percolation process: $P_{i}nfty=p^{s-1}(1-r^k{)}^s$ where $r$ is the solution of $r=p^s(r^{k-1}-1)(1-r^k)+1$. These general results coincide, for $s=1$, with the known equations for percolation in ER and RR networks respectively without dependency links. In contrast to $s=1$, where the percolation transition is second order, for $s>1$ it is of first order. Comparing the percolation behavior of ER and RR networks we find a remarkable difference regarding their resilience. We show, analytically and numerically, that in ER networks with low connectivity degree or large dependency clusters, removal of even a finite number (zero fraction) of the network nodes will trigger a cascade of failures that fragments the whole network. This result is in contrast to RR networks where such cascades and full fragmentation can be triggered only by removal of a finite fraction of nodes in the network.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1106.1631

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zbMATH Keywords

networkspercolationcascade of failuresdependency links

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Percolation (82B43)

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Cited In (15)

• Cascading dynamics with local weighted flow redistribution in interdependent networks
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• Percolation on complex networks: theory and application
• Percolation in spatial networks. Spatial network models beyond nearest neighbours structures
• Percolation on interacting networks with feedback-dependency links
• Robustness on interdependent networks with a multiple-to-multiple dependent relationship
• A study on the relationship between connecting different types of nodes and disassortativity by degree
• The combined effect of connectivity and dependency links on percolation of networks
• Failure cascade in interdependent network with traffic loads
• Explosive synchronization coexists with classical synchronization in the Kuramoto model
• Minimal functional routes in directed graphs with dependent edges
• Resilience of networks formed of interdependent modular networks
• Percolation of interdependent network of networks
• Percolation behavior analysis of weighted edge-coupled interdependent networks

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