Geometric variations of local systems and elliptic surfaces
Geometric variations of local system are families of variations of Hodge structure; they typically correspond to fibrations of Kähler manifolds for which each fibre itself is fibered by codimension one Kähler manifolsds.\N\NThis article introduces the formalism of geometric variation of local systems (GVLS), which was developed by the second author's Ph.D. thesis [Geometric Variations of local systems. University of Alberta (2018)]. The method is based on the algorithm developed by \textit{M. Dettweiler} and \textit{S. Wewers} [Isr. J. Math. 156, 157--185 (2006; Zbl 1131.14016)], to compute the parabolic cohomology associated to a variation of local systems.\N\NThis method is extensively applied for elliptic surfaces. Using the middle convolution functor, a class of geometric variations of local systems is constructed. Specifically, the integral variation of Hodge structure that underlies the family of elliptic surfaces obtained by starting with a fixed elliptic surface and then performing a quadratic twist at one singular fibre and one varying smooth fibre. This construction is applied to 38 rigid elliptic surfaces with 4 singular fibres, reintepreting the results of \textit{A. Besser} and \textit{R. Livné} [Fields Inst. Commun. 67, 201--265 (2013; Zbl 1310.14039)]. Also the method is used to calculate the integral variation of Hodge structure on the modular curve \(X_0(N)^+\) underlying the universal family \(\mathcal{X}_N\) of \(M_N\)-polarized \(K3\) surfaces for \(N\in\{2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11\}\).\N\NFinally the connection between geometric variations of local systems and geometric isomonodromic deformations is explained in this situation.
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