n-Kazhdan groups and higher spectral expanders
The aim of this article is to answer the following question: Is there a higher-dimensional analog of the construction of expander graphs using Cayley graphs of discrete groups having property (T)?\N\NA group \(\Gamma\) is said to be \(n\)-\textit{Kazhdan} (resp. \textit{strongly \(n\)-Kazhdan}) if \(H^n(\Gamma,\pi)=0\) (resp. \(H^i(\Gamma,\pi)=0\), \(1\leq i\leq n\)), for any unitary representation \(\pi\) of \(\Gamma\). The higher analog of having property (T), equivalently, being \(1\)-Kazhdan, is being \(n\)-Kazhdan. The group \(\Gamma\) is of the \textit{type} \(F_n\) if there exists a \(K(\Gamma,1)\) \textit{CW} complex whose \(n\)-skeleton is finite. For higher dimensions, any finite \textit{CW} complex is homotopy equivalent to a finite simplicial complex. The Cayley graph of a group \(\Gamma\) is the \(1\)-skeleton of the universal cover of a \(K(\Gamma,1)\) \textit{CW} complex having one vertex. The author answers this question in the following manner.\N\NLet \(\Gamma\) be a group of type \(F_n\) and let \(X\) be the \(n\)-skeleton of the universal cover of a \(K(\Gamma,1)\) simplicial complex with finite \(n\)-skeleton. Let \(\{\Lambda_i\}_i\) be a family of finite index subgroups of \(\Gamma\). If \(\Gamma\) is strongly \(n\)-Kazhdan then the family \(\{\Lambda_i\setminus X\}_i\) of simplicial complexes are bounded degree spectral expanders.\N\NUsing this the author can construct new examples of \(2\)-dimensional spectral expanders. Furthermore, the simplicial cochain complex of \(\Lambda_i\setminus X\) can be identified with a cochain complex of the group cohomology of \(\Gamma\) with twisted coefficients.\N\NAlthough the above result is stated in terms of \(n\)-Kazhdan groups, one can think of this property as a combination of two properties, \(H^n(\Gamma,\pi)=\overline{H^n}(\Gamma,\pi)\) and \(\overline{H^n}(\Gamma,\pi)=0\), for all unitary representations \(\pi\). Here \(\overline{H^n}(\Gamma,\pi)\), called \textit{the reduced cohomology of} \(\Gamma\) with coefficients in \(\pi\), denotes the quotient of the space of cocycles by the closure of the space of coboundaries, with respect to a natural topology. Making a connection of Property \((T_n)\) to the Fell topology the author obtains the following result.\N\NLet \(\Gamma\) a group of type \(F_{n+1}\). Then, (1) \(\Gamma\) has Property \((T_{n-1})\) and Property \((T_n)\) implies (2) the subset \(\{\pi\in \hat{\Gamma}: H^n(\Gamma,\pi)\neq 0\}\) is open in \(\hat{\Gamma}\) with respect to the Fell topology.
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