Reflection of conormal pulse solutions to large variable-coefficient semilinear hyperbolic systems
This article is devoted to the justification of weakly nonlinear geometric expansions for semilinear hyperbolic initial boundary value problems. The problem consists in studying a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations: \N\[\N\partial_t u+\sum_{j=1}^n A_j(t,x) \, \partial_{x_j} u=f(t,x,u),\N\]\Nin a half-space \(\{ x \in \mathbb{R}^n \mid x_n>0 \}\), with boundary conditions that generate oscillations: \N\[\NB(t,x_1,\dots,x_{n-1}) \, u|_{x_n=0} \, = \, g \left( t,x_1,\dots,x_{n-1},\dfrac{t}{\varepsilon} \right).\N\]\NThe goal is to understand the behavior of the solution \(u\) as the wavelength \(\varepsilon\) tends to zero. The author is interested here in \textit{pulse} solutions, meaning that the forcing term \(g\) decays at infinity with respect to its last argument (\textit{wavetrain} solutions correspond to a forcing term \(g\) that is periodic with respect to its last argument). The forcing term \(g\) is assumed to vanish in the past (for \(t \le 0\)) so that the solution also vanishes in the past. This is a convenient way to deal with the compatibility conditions at the corner \(t=x_n=0\).\N\NThe oscillating forcing term on the boundary generates oscillations in the interior domain through phases that are associated with an \textit{incoming} velocity. In the pulse case, oscillations associated with distinct phases do not interact at the leading order so it is not possible to generate oscillations that are associated with an \textit{outgoing} velocity. This simplifies a little bit the construction of the leading order approximate solution. Despite the lack of interaction between phases at the leading order, the complete justification of the geometric optics expansion requires the construction of a first order corrector, and this construction takes the interactions between oscillations with distinct phases into account.\N\NThe main assumptions of the analysis are the following: the system of partial differential equations is strictly hyperbolic, the boundary \(\{ x_n=0 \}\) is non-characteristic, the boundary conditions encoded in the matrix \(B\) satisfy the so-called uniform Lopatinskii condition. The latter assumption implies that the leading order approximate solutions has \(O(1)\) amplitude with respect to \(\varepsilon\). The author first constructs a leading order \textit{approximate} solution by means of a WKB analysis. A first-order corrector is then constructed, which requires taking into account the various interactions between the phases. The exact solution to the original problem is then constructed as a small perturbation of the previous approximate solution. The author thus justifies at the same time that the exact solution exists on a time interval that is independent of the wavelength \(\varepsilon\) and that the approximate WKB solution gives the leading behavior of the solution. The error analysis is performed in a space of co-normal distributions.\N\NThe nonlinearity \(f\) is first assumed to be quadratic but the author then explains how to deal with general nonlinearities. Eventually, the author deals with the problem of pulse reflection where the forcing term on the boundary now arises from one single outgoing pulse. Such a pulse can be generated by suitable initial data.
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