Epilogue: Stokes phenomena. Dynamics, classification problems and avatars
Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to ordinary differential equations (34-02) Singularities, monodromy and local behavior of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain, normal forms (34M35) Stokes phenomena and connection problems (linear and nonlinear) for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M40) Singular perturbation problems for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (complex WKB, turning points, steepest descent) (34M60)
The purpose of this article is to describe the Stokes Phenomena, its main significance and its main emergence in various landscapes. The author explains in particular how to use it to enrich the classical dynamics of complex dynamical systems, defining thus some \textit{wild dynamics}. He also describes how, adding Stokes multipliers to the classical monodromy, it is possible to classify a lot of complex dynamical systems (linear or not), up to ``gauge transformations (using some cohomological invariants), and to get generalizations of the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence, with a lot of applications. In the special framework of the linear case, the author precises the relations between Stokes phenomena and differential Galois theory and some important consequences. Many other incarnations of Stokes Phenomena (singular perturbations, resurgence, difference and \(q\)-difference equations, theoretical physics, etc.), with some insights in the several variables cases, are also considered. Technicalities are mainly avoided in order to insist on the historical roots and on some simple geometric ideas, which are \textit{the central ideas}, frequently hidden in the literature. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1540.58001].
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