On the class numbers of the n-th layers in the cyclotomic Z₂-extension of Q(5)
This paper deals with problems in the context of Weber's class number problem, which is the following conjecture (or question?): All layers \(\mathbb B_n\) in the 2-cyclotomic tower over the base field \(\mathbb Q\) have class number 1. There are related questions in cases where the base field is not \(\mathbb Q\). The following is a (very likely incomplete) list of authors who have contributed to this topic: Aoki, Fukuda, Horie, Ichimura, Inatomi, Komatsu, Miller, Morisawa, Nakajima, Okazaki, Sumida, Washington. We cannot give the full picture of existing results here. -- The paper under review is concerned with the 2-cyclotomic extension of \(K = \mathbb Q(\sqrt5)\). The author had previously proved [Tokyo J. Math. 39, No. 1, 69--81 (2016; Zbl 1406.11105)] that no prime less than 60000 divides the class number of any layer \(K\mathbb B_n\), and in a more recent paper [Funct. Approximatio, Comment. Math. 62, No. 1, 87--94 (2020; Zbl 1456.11215)] he had proved that for \(n=5\) (and consequently also for \(n=1,2,3,4\)) the class number is 1. The main result of the present paper says that if a prime \(\ell\) divides any class number \(h(K\mathbb B_n)\), then it must be congruent to \(\pm1\) modulo 8. (It is well known in this case that all \(h(K\mathbb B_n)\) are odd.) The proof divides neatly into two major steps of quite different flavor. First, one lets \(F_n\) be the field ``between \(\mathbb B_n\) and \(K\mathbb B_{n-1}\) (so \(F_n/\mathbb Q\) is a cyclic extension of degree \(2^n\)), and proves: The relative class number \(h(F_n)/h(\mathbb B_{n-1})\) is divisible by \(\ell\) iff a certain power of a specific cyclotomic unit is an \(\ell\)-th power of some element \(\eta\in F_n\); of course if \(\eta\) exists, it is again a unit. This generalizes a result known as ``Horie's Lemma. In the second step, the technique of Mahler measures is used to prove that if the claimed congruence property of \(\ell\) is violated (that is, if \(\ell\equiv\pm3\) mod 8), the root \(\eta\) cannot exist for \(\ell>341\). Combining this lower bound with earlier results suffices to prove the main theorem. Many concepts occurring in this paper seem to have been used in earlier papers (by Aoki, and by many others), but the structure of the argument taken as a whole looks new.
- Weber's class number problem in the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_2\)-extension of \(\mathbb Q\). II.
- Weber's class number problem in the cyclotomic Z₂-extension of Q
- A class number problem for the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-extension of \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})\)
- Weber's class number problem in the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_{2}\)-extension of \(\mathbb Q\). III.
- A class number calculation of the \(5^{\mathrm{th}}\) layer of the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-extension of \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})\)
- A class number calculation of the \(5^{\mathrm{th}}\) layer of the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-extension of \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})\)
- A class number problem for the cyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-extension of \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})\)
- A note on class numbers of algebraic number fields
- A note on Thaine's circular units
- A numerical study of Weber's real class number calculation
- Certain primary components of the ideal class group of the \(\mathbb Z_p\)-extension over the rationals
- Class fields of abelian extensions of Q
- Class groups of abelian fields, and the main conjecture
- Class Number Computations of Real Abelian Number Fields
- Class numbers of totally real fields and applications to the Weber class number problem
- Height and Weber's class number problem
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3657912 (Why is no real title available?)
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- Mahler measure of the Horie unit and Weber's class number problem in the cyclotomic Z3-extension of Q
- Numerische Bestimmung von Klassenzahlen reeller zyklischer Zahlkörper
- On the Stickelberger ideal and the circular units of an abelian field
- The enigmatic Tate-Shafarevich group
- The ideal class group of the Z_p-extension over the rationals
- The ideal class group of the basic Z_p-extension over an imaginary quadratic field
- The theory of the abelian number fields.
- Triviality in ideal class groups of Iwasawa-theoretical abelian number fields
- Weber's class number problem in the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_{2}\)-extension of \(\mathbb Q\). III.
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