A porous medium equation with spatially inhomogeneous absorption. I: Self-similar solutions

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2024.128965MaRDI QIDQ6640913zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Razvan Gabriel Iagar, Diana-Rodica Munteanu

Publication date 20 November 2024

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAA.2024.128965

absorption asymptotic expansion porous medium equation self-similar solutions

Initial value problems, existence, uniqueness, continuous dependence and continuation of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34A12) Nonlinear ordinary differential equations and systems (34A34) Invariant manifolds for ordinary differential equations (34C45) Asymptotic properties of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D05) Self-similar solutions to PDEs (35C06)

Review text

Let \(N\ge 1\), \(p>m>1\) and \(\sigma>0\) and set\N\[\N\alpha = \frac{\sigma+2}{\sigma(m-1)+2(p-1)}>0, \qquad \beta = \frac{p-m}{\sigma(m-1)+2(p-1)}>0.\N\]\NThe behaviour of the solution \(f_A\) to the ordinary differential equation\N\begin{align*}\N& (f^m)(\xi) + \frac{N-1}{\xi} (f^m)'(\xi) + \alpha f(\xi) + \beta \xi f'(\xi) - \xi^\sigma f^p(\xi) = 0, \qquad \xi>0, \\\N&f(0) = A, \ f'(0) = 0,\N\end{align*}\Nis classified according to the value of \(A>0\) and the sign of \(p-p_F\), where \(p_F = m + \frac{\sigma+2}{N}\). Introducing \(\xi_A = \inf\{\xi> 0\ :\ f_A(\xi)=0\}\in (0,\infty]\), there is \(A^*>0\) such that \(f_A\) is decreasing on \([0,\xi_A]\) when \(A\in (0,A^*]\), while \(\xi_A=\infty\) and there is a unique \(\xi_0(A)>0\) such that \(f_A\) is decreasing on \((0,\xi_0(A))\) and increasing on \((\xi_0(A),\infty)\) when \(A>A^*\). In addition, \(\xi_{A^*} = \infty\). Next, if \(p\ge p_F\), then \(\xi_A=\infty\) for all \(A\in (0,A^*)\) and there is \(A_0\in (0,A^*]\) such that \(f_A(\xi) \sim C \xi^{-(\sigma+2)/(p-m)}\) as \(\xi\to\infty\) when \(A\in (0,A_0)\) and \(f_A(\xi) \sim C_p \xi^{-\sigma/(p-1)}\) as \(\xi\to\infty\) when \(A\in [A_0,A^*]\), with \(C_p=(p-1)^{-1/(p-1)}\). Finally, if \(p\in (m,p_F)\), there is a unique \(A_*\in (0,A^*)\) such that \(\xi_{A_*}=0\) with \((f_{A_*}^m)'(\xi_{A_*})=0\) and \(\xi_A=\infty\) for all \(A\in (A_*,A^*)\). Moreover, there is \(A_0\in (A_*,A^*]\) such that a similar dichotomy as in the previous case separates the behaviour as \(\xi\to\infty\) according to whether \(A\in (A_*,A_0)\) or \(A\in [A_0,A^*]\). It is conjectured that \(A_0=A^*\) in both cases.\N\NThe proof relies on the transformation of the above differential equation to a three-dimensional autonomous differential system to which a shooting technique is applied.\N\NThis analysis is motivated by the study of radially symmetric self-similar solutions to \(\partial_t u - \Delta u^m + |x|^\sigma u^p = 0\) in \((0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}^N\) of the form \(u(t,x) = t^{-\alpha} f(|x|t^{-\beta})\).

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