On the Arthur-Selberg trace formula for GL(2)

DOI10.4171/GGD/132MaRDI QIDQ664238zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 29 February 2012

Published in Groups, Geometry, and Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1308.3604

Automorphic forms on (mbox{GL}(2)); Hilbert and Hilbert-Siegel modular groups and their modular and automorphic forms; Hilbert modular surfaces (11F41) Spectral theory; trace formulas (e.g., that of Selberg) (11F72) Linear algebraic groups over adèles and other rings and schemes (20G35) Analysis on real and complex Lie groups (22E30) Analysis on (p)-adic Lie groups (22E35) Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over global fields and adèle rings (22E55)

Abstract: The motivating question of this paper is roughly the following: given a group scheme

G

over

m a t h b b Z_{p}

,

p

prime, with semisimple generic fiber

G_{m a t h b b Q_{p}}

, how far are open subgroups of

G (m a t h b b Z_{p})

from subgroups of the form

X (m a t h b b Z_{p}) m a t h b f K_{p} (p^{n})

, where

X

is a subgroup scheme of

G

and

m a t h b f K_{p} (p^{n})

is the principal congruence subgroup

o p e r a t o r n a m e K e r (G (m a t h b b Z_{p}) i g h t a r r o w G (m a t h b b Z / p^{n} m a t h b b Z))

? More precisely, we will show that for

G_{m a t h b b Q_{p}}

simply connected there exist constants

J g e 1

and

v a r e p s i l o n > 0

, depending only on

G

, such that any open subgroup of

G (m a t h b b Z_{p})

of level

p^{n}

admits an open subgroup of index

l e J

which is contained in

X (m a t h b b Z_{p}) m a t h b f K_{p} (p^{l c e i l v a r e p s i l o n n c e i l})

for some proper connected algebraic subgroup

X

of

G

defined over

m a t h b b Q_{p}

. Moreover, if

G

is defined over

m a t h b b Z

, then

v a r e p s i l o n

and

J

can be taken independently of

p

. We also give a correspondence between natural classes of

m a t h b b Z_{p}

-Lie subalgebras of

m a t h f r a k g_{m a t h b b Z_{p}}

and of closed subgroups of

G (m a t h b b Z_{p})

that can be regarded as a variant over

m a t h b b Z_{p}

of Nori's results on the structure of finite subgroups of

o p e r a t o r n a m e G L (N_{0}, m a t h b b F_{p})

for large

p

. As an application we give a bound for the volume of the intersection of a conjugacy class in the group

G (h a t m a t h b b Z) = p r o d_{p} G (m a t h b b Z_{p})

, for

G

defined over

m a t h b b Z

, with an arbitrary open subgroup. In a future paper, this result will be applied to the limit multiplicity problem for arbitrary congruence subgroups of the arithmetic lattice

G (m a t h b b Z)

.

Review text

Generalizing Selberg's work, \textit{J. Arthur} proved a trace formula (see [Clay Math. Proc. 4, 1--263 (2005; Zbl 1152.11021)]) for the smooth action \(R_r(\varphi)\) on the right regular representation \([R_r(\varphi)g](x)=\int_{G}\varphi(y)g(xy)\,dy\) where \(G\) is a reductive Lie group, \(F\) a number field with adèle ring \(\mathbb A_F\), \(g\in L^2(G(F)\backslash G(\mathbb A_F))\) and \(\varphi\) a compactly supported smooth function on \(G(\mathbb A_F)^1\). The trace formula consists on the equality \(\tau_\sigma=\tau_{\text{geom}}\) of two distributions, \(\tau_\sigma\) related to the spectral decomposition of the regular representation \(R_r\) and \(\tau_{\text{geom}}\) given by a sum of geometric terms indexed by conjugacy classes in \(G(F)\): \textit{T. Finis, E. Lapid} and \textit{W. Müller} [Ann. Math. (2) 174, No. 1, 173--195 (2011; Zbl 1242.11036)] proved the continuity of the spectral distribution \(\tau_\sigma\) on the Schwartz space \({\mathcal C}(G(\mathbb A)^1;K)\) of \(K\)-biinvariant smooth functions for \(K\) a compact subgroup of \(G(\mathbb A_F)\). In this paper, the authors consider the geometric distribution \(\tau_{\text{geom}}\) in the particular case \(G=\mathrm{GL}(2)\) (and \(F=\mathbb Q\) merely for exposition clarity): they prove its continuity on the Schwartz space \({\mathcal C}(\mathrm{GL}(2)(\mathbb A)^1;K)\). The proof is based on the precise knowledge available in the \(G=\mathrm{GL}(2)\) case for the different summands (elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic) entering in the distribution \(\tau_{\text{geom}}\). The authors introduce a new expression for the semisimple terms valid for \(K\)-biinvariant Schwartz functions and derive absolute convergence estimates using the seminorms involving derivatives of order at most 3. In another work [Compos. Math. 147, No. 3, 784--802 (2011; Zbl 1266.11072)], the authors succeeded to prove for any reductive group \(G\) the same continuity results on the semisimple geometrical part of the distribution \(\tau_{\text{geom}}\); \textit{W. Hoffmann} [Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 34, No. 3, 233--261 (2008; Zbl 1165.11051)] proved similar absolute convergence for the so-called coarse geometric expansion.

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