From a particle in a box to the uncertainty relation in a quantum dot and to reflecting walls for relativistic fermions

DOI10.1016/J.AOP.2011.05.003zbMATH Open1239.81045arXiv1105.0391OpenAlexW3102811663MaRDI QIDQ664773FDOQ664773

Authors: M. H. Al-Hashimi, U.-J. Wiese 

Publication date: 2 March 2012

Published in: Annals of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider a 1-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions of the Hamiltonian for a particle confined to a finite interval with perfectly reflecting boundary conditions. In some cases, one obtains negative energy states which seems to violate the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. We use this as a motivation to derive a generalized uncertainty relation valid for an arbitrarily shaped quantum dot with general perfectly reflecting walls in $d$ dimensions. In addition, a general uncertainty relation for non-Hermitean operators is derived and applied to the non-Hermitean momentum operator in a quantum dot. We also consider minimal uncertainty wave packets in this situation, and we prove that the spectrum depends monotonically on the self-adjoint extension parameter. In addition, we construct the most general boundary conditions for semiconductor heterostructures such as quantum dots, quantum wires, and quantum wells, which are characterized by a 4-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions. Finally, we consider perfectly reflecting boundary conditions for relativistic fermions confined to a finite volume or localized on a domain wall, which are characterized by a 1-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions in the $(1+1)$-d and $(2+1)$-d cases, and by a 4-parameter family in the $(3+1)$-d and $(4+1)$-d cases.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.0391

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zbMATH Keywords

quantum dotdomain wall fermionHeisenberg uncertainty relation in a finite volumehermiticityparticle in a box

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Closed and approximate solutions to the Schrödinger, Dirac, Klein-Gordon and other equations of quantum mechanics (81Q05) Quantum dots, waveguides, ratchets, etc. (81Q37) Quantum dots as quasi particles (81V65)

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Cited In (13)

• Chiral effects in magnetized quantum spinor matter in particle and astroparticle physics
• Quantum mechanics and the hydrogen atom in a generalized Wigner-seitz cell
• Guiding structures with multiply connected cross sections: Evolution of propagation in external fields at complex Robin parameters
• Comparative analysis of electric field influence on the quantum wells with different boundary conditions. I: Energy spectrum, quantum information entropy and polarization.
• Theory of the Robin quantum wall in a linear potential. I: Energy spectrum, polarization and quantum-information measures
• Self-adjoint extensions for confined electrons: from a particle in a spherical cavity to the hydrogen atom in a sphere and on a cone
• Finite size universe or perfect squash problem
• Fate of accidental symmetries of the relativistic hydrogen atom in a spherical cavity
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• Self-adjoint Momentum Operator for a Particle Confined in a Multi-Dimensional Cavity
• Comment on the uncertainty relation with periodic boundary conditions
• Supersymmetric descendants of self-adjointly extended quantum mechanical Hamiltonians
• Bouncing wave packets, Ehrenfest theorem, and uncertainty relation based upon a new concept for the momentum of a particle in a box

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