Perturbations of self-similar solutions

Abstract: We consider the nonlinear heat equation

u_{t} = D e l t a u + | u |^{a} l p h a u

with

a l p h a > 0

, either on

{m a t h b b R}^{N}

,

N g e 1

, or on a bounded domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that in the Sobolev subcritical case

(N - 2) a l p h a < 4

, for every

m u i n m a t h b b R

, if the initial value

u_{0}

satisfies

u_{0} (x) = m u | x - x_{0} |^{- f r a c 2 a l p h a}

in a neighborhood of some

x_{0} i n O m e g a

and is bounded outside that neighborhood, then there exist infinitely many solutions of the heat equation with the initial condition

u (0) = u_{0}

. The proof uses a fixed-point argument to construct perturbations of self-similar solutions with initial value

m u | x - x_{0} |^{- f r a c 2 a l p h a}

on

{m a t h b b R}^{N}

. Moreover, if

m u g e m u_{0}

for a certain

m u_{0} (N, a l p h a) g e 0

, and

u_{0} I g e 0

, then there is no nonnegative local solution of the heat equation with the initial condition

u (0) = u_{0}

, but there are infinitely many sign-changing solutions.

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