The Eulerian representations of _ n as restrictions of representations of _n+1
The Eulerian idempotents \(e^{(1)}_n,\dots,e^{(n)}_n\) lie in the group algebra \(\mathbb{Q}\Sigma_n\) of the symmetric group, and are mutually orthogonal with sum 1. They are defined by \(e^{(j)}_n=\prod_{i\neq j}(s_n-\mu_i)/(\mu_j-\mu_i)\), where \(\mu_j=2^j-2\) and \(s_n=(n-1)+\sum_\pi(\text{sgn }\pi)\pi\), the sum being over all `shuffles' \(\pi\in\Sigma_n\), i.e. elements for which \(\pi^{-1}\) has exactly one descent. They were introduced by \textit{M. Gerstenhaber} and \textit{S. Schack} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 48, 229-247 (1987; Zbl 0671.13007)], and provide decompositions of the Hochschild and cyclic homology theories of a commutative algebra over \(\mathbb{Q}\). It is shown that the representation \(E_n^{(j)}\) of \(\Sigma_n\) given by the right ideal \(e_n^{(j)}\mathbb{Q}\Sigma_n\) is the restriction of a representation \(F^{(j)}_{n+1}\) of \(\Sigma_{n+1}\) given by a closely related idempotent \(f^{(j)}_{n+1}\) in \(\mathbb{Q}\Sigma_{n+1}\). The main result relates the representations \(E^{(j)}_{n+1}\) and \(F^{(j)}_{n+1}\) of \(\Sigma_{n+1}\) with those obtained by inducing the representations \(E_n^{(j)}\) up from \(\Sigma_n\) to \(\Sigma_{n+1}\). A character formula for \(E^{(j)}_n\), due to \textit{P. Hanlon} [Mich. Math. J. 37, No. 1, 105-124 (1990; Zbl 0701.16010)] is used to identify \(F_{n+1}^{(1)}\) as the tree representation of \(\Sigma_{n+1}\) [see \textit{A. Robinson} and \textit{S. Whitehouse}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 111, No. 1-3, 245-253 (1996; Zbl 0865.55010)], and to obtain its decomposition into irreducibles, with corresponding results for \(F_{n+1}^{(j)}\) in the cases \(n-2\leq j\leq n\).
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