Partial group actions and partial Galois extensions
Let \(\alpha=\left\{\alpha_g:1_{g^{-1}}S\to 1_gS\right\}\) be a unital partial action of a group \(G\) on a ring \(S\) and \[ S^\alpha=\left\{s\in S\mid \text{for all } g\in G:\;\alpha_g\left(1_{g^{-1}}s\right)=1_g s\right\} \] the subring of \textit{invariant} elements. The pair \((S,\alpha)\) is called a \textit{partial Galois extension} (of \(S^\alpha\)) if there are \(x_i,y_i\in S\), \(i=1,\dots,m\), such that for all \(g\in G\) \[ \sum_{i=1}^mx_i\alpha_g\left(1_{g^{-1}}y_i\right)=\delta_{1,g}1_S, \] where \(\delta_{1,g}\) is the Kronecker delta. If \(K\) is a subgroup of \(G\) and \(e\) is a nonzero central idempotent of \(S\), then it is proved that \(\alpha\) \textit{induces} a partial action \(\alpha_K\) of \(K\) on \(eS\) if and only if \(e\in S^{\alpha_K}\), where \[ S^{\alpha_K}=\left\{s\in S\mid \text{for all } k\in K:\;\alpha_k\left(1_{k^{-1}}s\right)=1_k s\right\}. \] Moreover, if \((S,\alpha)\) is a partial Galois extension, then \((eS,\alpha_K)\) is also a partial Galois extension in this case. In particular, it is proved that the latter holds for \(e\) being the Boolean sum of all non-zero minimal elements of the Boolean ring generated by \(\{1_k\mid k\in K\}\). Another part of the article deals with partial orbits and stabilizers. The authors obtain ``partial analogues of the orbit-stabilizer theorem and Burnside's lemma. They also use partial orbits to construct some partial Galois extensions associated with \((S,\alpha)\) and \(K\leq G\).
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