A modern approach to superradiance

DOI10.1007/JHEP05(2017)052zbMATH Open1380.81245arXiv1609.06723MaRDI QIDQ682937FDOQ682937

Authors: Solomon Endlich, Riccardo Penco 

Publication date: 5 February 2018

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we provide a simple and modern discussion of rotational superradiance based on quantum field theory. We work with an effective theory valid at scales much larger than the size of the spinning object responsible for superradiance. Within this framework, the probability of absorption by an object at rest completely determines the superradiant amplification rate when that same object is spinning. We first discuss in detail superradiant scattering of spin 0 particles with orbital angular momentum $ell=1$, and then extend our analysis to higher values of orbital angular momentum and spin. Along the way, we provide a simple derivation of vacuum friction---a "quantum torque" acting on spinning objects in empty space. Our results apply not only to black holes but to arbitrary spinning objects. We also discuss superradiant instability due to formation of bound states and, as an illustration, we calculate the instability rate $Gamma$ for bound states with massive spin 1 particles. For a black hole with mass $M$ and angular velocity $Omega$, we find $Gammasim(GMmu{)}^{7}Omega$ when the particle's Compton wavelength $1/mu$ is much greater than the size $GM$ of the spinning object. This rate is parametrically much larger than the instability rate for spin 0 particles, which scales like $(GMmu{)}^{9}Omega$. This enhanced instability rate can be used to constrain the existence of ultralight particles beyond the Standard Model.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.06723

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zbMATH Keywords

black holeseffective field theoriesradiance

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum field theory on curved space or space-time backgrounds (81T20) Black holes (83C57)

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Cited In (18)

• Absorptive effects and classical black hole scattering
• Dark photon vortex formation and dynamics
• On the interaction between ultralight bosons and quantum-corrected black holes
• Advances in QED with intense background fields
• Aspects of nonlinear effect on black hole superradiance
• Superradiance in stars: non-equilibrium approach to damping of fields in stellar media
• Static response and Love numbers of Schwarzschild black holes
• The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 14: Classical gravity from scattering amplitudes
• Rotational superradiance with Bogoliubov dispersion
• The spectra of gravitational atoms
• Getting super-excited with modified dispersion relations
• Black holes as particle detectors: evolution of superradiant instabilities
• Tidal acceleration of black holes and superradiance
• Spin-orbit effects for compact binaries in scalar-tensor gravity
• Super-radiant scattering of dispersive fields
• Estimate of the superradiance spectrum in dispersive media
• Gravitational partial-wave absorption from scattering amplitudes
• Horizon radiation reaction forces

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