Boolean lattices of function algebras on rectangular semigroups
Two of the important function algebras on a semitopological semigroup \(S\) are \(LUC(S)\) consisting of all continuous bounded \(f\) for which \(s\mapsto L_ s f\) (sending \(s\in S\) to the left translate \(L_ s f\)) is continuous when \(C(S)\) has its uniform norm, and \(LMC(S)\) consisting of those \(f\) for which this same map is continuous when \(C(S)\) has the topology of pointwise convergence on its Gelfand space. For each subset \(A\subseteq S\) the author defines \(LLC(S,A)\) to consist to those \(f\) for which \(s\mapsto L_ s f\) is continuous from \(S\) to \(C(S)\) with its uniform norm at every point \(a\in A\). Thus if \(B\subseteq A\), \(LMC(S)= LLC(S,\emptyset) \supseteq LLC(S,B) \supseteq LLC(S,A) \supseteq LLC(S,S)= LUC(S)\). Each \(LLC(S,A)\) is a right translation invariant \(C^*\)-subalgebra of \(C(S)\). For each set \(A\), there is a maximal set \([A]\) with \(A\subseteq [A]\subseteq S\) such that \(LLC(S,A)= LLC(S,[A])\). The family \({\mathcal E}(S)\) of all sets \([A]\) is a complete lattice. If this lattice has only one element (or \(LMC(S)= LUC(S)\)) then \(S\) is called \(LLC\)-trivial; if it has exactly two elements, \([\emptyset]\) and \(S\), then \(S\) is called \(LLC\)-simple. The discussion is now restricted to rectangular semigroups, that is, direct products \(S= Z_ \ell\times G\times Z_ r\) of a left zero topological semigroup, a semitopological group, and a right zero topological semigroup. A main theorem is that, when \(Z_ \ell\) is discrete, if \(G\times Z_ r\) is \(LLC\)-trivial, so is \(S\); but if \(G\) is not \(LLC\)-trivial, then the lattice \({\mathcal E}(S)\) is the power of \(Z_ \ell\). There is an extension of this result to some situations in which \(Z_ \ell\) has non-trivial topologies. Perhaps surprisingly, algebras \(LLC(S,A)\) can be left translation invariant. However, a typical result here is that if \(Z_ \ell\) is disconnected and \(S= Z_ \ell\times G\), then every \(LLC(S,A)\) is left translation invariant if and only if \(G\) is \(LLC\) trivial. The author concludes with an illustration. Let \(S\) be a semitopological semigroup with a left identity \(e\), and let \(Z_ \ell= \{1,2,\dots,\infty\}\) be the usual one-point compactification of the positive integers. Let \(f\in C(Z_ \ell\times S)\) with \(f(z,\cdot)\in LUC(S)\) for all \(z\in Z_ \ell\). Then \(f\in LLC(Z_ \ell\times S, \{(\infty,e)\})\) if and only if \(f(n,\cdot)\to f(\infty,\cdot)\) uniformly on \(S\).
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