Optimal holes for the W^1, Poincaré inequality
The author considers a compact domain \(\Omega \) in \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\), a subset \(A\) of \(\Omega \), and the sharp constant \(\Lambda \) defined by: \( \Lambda =\sup\{\frac{\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{\infty }}{\left\Vert \nabla u\right\Vert _{\infty }}:u\neq 0\in W^{1,\infty }(\Omega )\), \(u=0\) on \(A\}\). He recalls the geodesic distance \(d(x,y)\) between \(x\) and \(y\) in \(\Omega \), defined as: \(d(x,y)=\inf\{\int_{0}^{1}\left\vert \alpha ^{\prime }(t)\right\vert dt:\alpha \in \mathrm{Lip}([0,1],\Omega )\), \(\alpha (0)=x\) and \( \alpha (1)=y\}\). In the case of a compact set \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N} \) with Lipschitz boundary, he proves properties of \(\lambda (A)=\min\{\frac{ \left\Vert \nabla u\right\Vert _{\infty }}{\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{\infty } }:u\neq 0\in W^{1,\infty }(\Omega )\), \(u=0\) on \(A\}\), especially the equality: \(\lambda (A)=[\max\{d(z,A):z\in \Omega \}]^{-1}\). He recalls that the shape optimization problem: \(\min\{\lambda (A)-\alpha \left\vert A\right\vert :A\subset \Omega \}\), \(\alpha >0\), has an optimal hole \(A^{\ast }\). He proves that the penalized problem: \(\min\{\Lambda (A)+\alpha \mathcal{H }^{1}(A):A\subset \Omega \) is closed and connected\(\}\), where \(\mathcal{H }^{1}(A)\) is the Hausdorff measure of \(A\) and \(\alpha >0\) is fixed, has an optimal hole, and he presents some examples. He considers the problem: \(\min\{ \overline{\lambda }(\nu ):0\leq \nu \leq m^{-1}\), \(\int_{\Omega }\nu =1\}\), where \(\overline{\Lambda }(\nu )=(\overline{\lambda }(\nu ))^{-1}=\max\{\int_{\Omega }d(x,z)d\nu (z):x\in \partial \Omega \}\), and he proves properties of \(\overline{\lambda }\) and the existence of a minimizer \( \nu ^{\ast }\) to this problem. Considering \(\min\{\Lambda (A):A\subset \Omega \) is convex, \(\left\vert A\right\vert \geq m\}\), he proves the existence of an optimal hole \(A^{\ast }\). The paper ends with the proof of the existence of a density \(\nu ^{\ast }\) solution to \(\min\{\overline{\lambda }(\nu )+F(\nu ):\nu \in \mathcal{P}(\Omega )\), where \(F(\nu )=\int_{\Omega }f(\nu (x))\) if \(\nu \ll \mathcal{L}^{d}\), \(F(\nu )=+\infty \) otherwise and \(f: \mathbb{R}^{+}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{+}\) is supposed to be lower semicontinuous and convex, with \(f(0)=0\) and \(\lim_{t\rightarrow +\infty }f(t)/t=+\infty \). This density is proved to be continuous if \(f\) is \(C^{1}\) and strictly convex and Lipschitz if \(f^{\prime \prime }>\delta >0\).
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