Relations on M_g,n and the negative r-spin Witten conjecture
Brézin-Gross-Witten tau functioncohomological field theorydeformed Theta classDubrovin-Frobenius manifoldKdV hierarchynegative spinNorbury's conjectureTheta classW-algebraWitten spin
Families, moduli of curves (algebraic) (14H10) Relationships between algebraic curves and integrable systems (14H70) Relations of infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian dynamical systems with algebraic geometry, complex analysis, and special functions (37K20) Groups and algebras in quantum theory and relations with integrable systems (81R12)
This paper deals with a version of the Witten \(r\)-spin class for negative spin. More precisely, the geometric space of interest here is the moduli space of \(r\)-th roots of the anticanonical bundle. The authors construct and study various properties of a negative spin version of the Witten \(r\)-spin class. By taking the top Chern class of a certain vector bundle on the moduli space of spin curves that parametrises \(r\)-th roots of the anticanonical bundle, they construct a non-semisimple cohomological field theory (CohFT) called the Theta class \(\Theta^r\). This CohFT does not have a flat unit and its associated Dubrovin-Frobenius manifold is nowhere semisimple. Despite this, they construct a semisimple deformation of the Theta class, and using the Teleman reconstruction theorem, they obtain tautological relations on \(\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}\). \N\NFurthermore, the authors prove that the descendant potential of the Theta class is the unique solution to a set of \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebra constraints, which implies a recursive formula for all the descendant integrals. Using this result for \(r=2\), they prove Norbury's conjecture which states that the descendant potential of \(\Theta^2\) coincides with the Brézin-Gross-Witten tau function of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) hierarchy. Furthermore, they conjecture that the descendant potential of \(\Theta^r\) is the \(r\)-BGW tau function of the \(r\)-KdV hierarchy and prove the conjecture for \(r=3\). \N\NThis paper is organized as follows : Section 1 is an introduction to the subject and statement of the results. Section 2 deals with Theta class. The authors introduce the main characters of this paper -- the Theta class \(\Theta^r\) and its deformation \(\Theta^{r,\epsilon}\) -- and study their properties in detail. They define the deformed Theta classes and prove that they form a CohFT. Section 3 is devoted to Givental-Teleman reconstruction. Here, the authors study the deformed Theta CohFT further using the techniques of the Givental-Teleman reconstruction theorem. They show that the deformed Theta class is semisimple and use the Givental-Teleman reconstruction theorem in order to find an expression in terms of tautological classes. In addition, this method gives vanishing relations in the tautological ring. \N\NThe authors investigate the Dubrovin-Frobenius manifold associated to the deformed Theta class, and apply the reconstruction theorem to find an expression for \(\Theta^r\) in terms of tautological classes and obtain tautological relations. Section 4 deals with topological recursion and the spectral curve. Recall that topological recursion is a universal procedure that associates a collection of symmetric multidifferentials to a spectral curve, which is a curve with some extra data [\textit{B. Eynard} and \textit{N. Orantin}, Commun. Number Theory Phys. 1, No. 2, 347--452 (2007; Zbl 1161.14026)]. What makes topological recursion especially useful is its applications to enumerative geometry: many counting problems are solved by topological recursion, in the sense that the sought numbers are coefficients of the multidifferentials when expanded in a specific basis [\textit{B. Eynard}, ICM 2014, 1063--1085 (2014; Zbl 1373.14029)]. \N\NThe authors find global spectral curves corresponding to the deformed Theta class, and show that the \(r\)-Bessel curve computes descendant integrals of the Theta class. Section 5 is devoted to \(\mathcal{W}\)-constraints and integrability. The authors prove that the descendant potential of the Theta class is the unique solution to \(\mathcal{W}\)-constraints. They conjecture that the \(r\)-BGW tau function matches with the descendant potential \(Z^{\Theta^r}\), and prove it for \(r=2\) and \(3\). The paper is supported by an appendix about integrals of Airy functions and Scorer functions.
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