Separation of the orbits in representations of SO₂ and O₂ over R and C

The aim of the paper is to give a minimal set of separating invariants for representations of \(\mathrm{SO_2}\) and \(\mathrm{O_2}\) over \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(\mathbb{C}\). The idea is to select polynomials of support of low size (2 and 3 for \(\mathrm{SO_2}\) and 2, 3 and 4 for \(\mathrm{O_2}\)). The separating sets are obtained via analyzing intersections of complex wheels. The cardinalities for the minimal separating sets are much smaller than for generating sets, because the latter require polynomials of arbitrary large supports. Real separating sets are smaller than the complex ones, which helps significantly for applications over \(\mathbb{R}\).\N\NThe organization of the paper is as follows: Section 2 is dedicated to essential statements about irreducible representations of \(\mathrm{SO_2}\) and \(\mathrm{O_2}\). Key arithmetical lemmas about intersections of complex wheels can be found in Section 3. The main results of the paper are presented in Sections 4, 5, 6 and 7: Theorem 4.5 is about \(\mathrm{SO_2}(\mathbb{C})\) (minimality is proven in Proposition 4.6.), Theorem 5.2 is about \(\mathrm{SO_2}(\mathbb{R})\), Theorem 6.5 is about \(\mathrm{O_2}(\mathbb{R})\) (minimality is proven in Proposition 6.7.), while Theorem 7.4 is about \(\mathrm{O_2}(\mathbb{C})\) (minimality is proven in Proposition 7.5.). Separating sets can be used to stratify the real representations by isotropy classes. This is discussed in Section 8.

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Orbit separation and stratification by isotropy classes of piezoelectricity tensors

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