Conjugacy classes of completely reducible cube-free solvable p^-subgroups of GL(2,q)
The authors provide a complete enumeration of the conjugacy classes of a specific family of subgroups of the general linear group \(\mathrm{GL}(2, q)\). Let \(p\) be a prime and \(q\) be a power of \(p\). The paper focuses on solvable \(p'\)-subgroups of \(\mathrm{GL}(2, q)\) that are cube-free, meaning their order is not divisible by the cube of any prime. This work builds on previous results on cyclic subgroups by the same authors [Commun. Algebra 51, No. 8, 3182--3187 (2023; Zbl 1522.20121)] and is motivated by classifications of subgroups of small order.\N\NA key structural result (Lemma 1.1) establishes that a solvable, cube-free \(p'\)-subgroup of \(\mathrm{GL}(2, q)\) is either \N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(a)] \textit{reducible} and thus conjugate to a subgroup of the group of diagonal matrices \(D(2, q)\); \N\item[(b)] \textit{imprimitive} and thus conjugate to a subgroup of the monomial group \(M(2, q)\); or \N\item[(c)] \textit{primitive} and thus conjugate to a subgroup of the normalizer \(N(2, q)\) of a Singer cycle.\N\end{itemize}\N\NThe main results of the paper give the number of conjugacy classes for each of these three cases. Let \(H\) be a solvable, cube-free \(p'\)-subgroup of \(\mathrm{GL}(2, q)\) of order \(m\). For the irreducible cases, the authors show that if \(H\) is imprimitive (Theorem 1.3) or primitive (Theorem 1.4), there is exactly one conjugacy class of subgroups of \(\mathrm{GL}(2,q)\) isomorphic to \(H\).\N\NThe main enumerative result concerns the reducible case. Let \(H\) be a subgroup of \(D(2, q)\) of cube-free order \(m\), where \(p \nmid m\). Let \(m = p_0^{\beta_0} p_1^{\beta_1} \cdots p_k^{\beta_k}\) be a prime factorization of \(m\), with \(p_0=2\). For each \(i\), let \(P_i\) be the Sylow \(p_i\)-subgroup of \(H\). Let \(I = \{i > 0 \mid P_i \text{ is cyclic}\}\) and \(r = |I|\). The number of conjugacy classes of reducible subgroups of \(\mathrm{GL}(2,q)\) isomorphic to \(H\), denoted \(N_{\mathrm{red}}(m, H)\), is given by the following theorem.\N\NTheorem 1.2: \(N_{\mathrm{red}}(m, H) = \frac{1}{2} (\rho(m, H) + \delta(m, H))\), where\N\[\N\rho(m, H) = \begin{cases} \prod_{i \in I \cup \{0\}} (p_i^{\beta_i} + p_i^{\beta_i-1}) & \text{if } r \ge 0, m \text{ is even and } P_0 \text{ is cyclic}, \\\N\prod_{i \in I} (p_i^{\beta_i} + p_i^{\beta_i-1}) & \text{if } r > 0, m \text{ is odd or } P_0 \simeq Z_2 \times Z_2, \\\N1 & \text{if } r=0, \beta_0=0 \text{ or } P_0 \simeq Z_2 \times Z_2, \end{cases}\N\]\Nand\N\[\N\delta(m, H) = \begin{cases} 2^r & \text{if } r \ge 0, 0 \le \beta_0 \le 1 \text{ or } P_0 \simeq Z_2 \times Z_2, \\\N2^{r+1} & \text{if } r \ge 0, \beta_0 = 2 \text{ and } P_0 \simeq Z_4. \end{cases}\N\]\N\NThe paper concludes by giving an explicit description of the conjugacy class representatives for each type of subgroup.
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