Dirac eigenvalue estimates on surfaces

DOI10.1007/S002090100392MaRDI QIDQ697337zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Bernd Ammann, Christian Bär

Publication date 17 September 2002

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0201249

zbMATH Keywords

Arf invariantDirac eigenvalue boundsspin cut diameterWillmore integral

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Surfaces in Euclidean and related spaces (53A05) Spin and Spin({}^c) geometry (53C27) Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds (58J50)

Abstract: We prove lower Dirac eigenvalue bounds for closed surfaces with a spin structure whose Arf invariant equals 1. Besides the area only one geometric quantity enters in these estimates, the spin-cut-diameter which depends on the choice of spin structure. It can be expressed in terms of various distances on the surfaces or, alternatively, by stable norms of certain cohomology classes. In case of the 2-torus we obtain a positive lower bound for all Riemannian metrics and all nontrivial spin structures. The corresponding estimate also holds for the $L^2$-spectrum of the Dirac operator on a noncompact complete surface of finite area. As a corollary we get positive lower bounds on the Willmore integral for all 2-tori embedded in $R^3$.

Review text

If \(g\) is a Riemannian metric on the \(2\)-sphere, and if \(\lambda\) is a Dirac eigenvalue, then the second author showed previously [Math. Ann. 293, No. 1, 39-46 (1992; Zbl 0741.58046)] \[ \lambda^2\geq{4\pi\over\text{Area}}. \] The authors generalize this result to surfaces of higher genus -- they establish explicit geometric lower bounds for the first eigenvalue of the Dirac Laplacian on a closed Riemann surface \(M\) of genus \(g\geq 1\) if the associated Arf invariant of the spin structure is \(+1\). This estimate involves two geometric quantities -- the area of the surface and the spin-cut diameter \(\delta(M)\). Here \(\delta(M)\) is defined by looking at distances between loops in the surface along which the spin structure is nontrivial and which are linearly independent in homology: Theorem. Let \(M\) be a closed surface of genus \(g\geq 1\) with a Riemannian metric and a spin structure of Arf invariant \(+1\). If \(\lambda\) is an eigenvalue of the Dirac operator, then \[ |\lambda|\geq{{2\sqrt\pi}\over{(2g+1)\sqrt{\text{Area}(M)}}}-{1\over\delta(M)}. \] The authors use this estimate to get a corresponding estimate on the Willmore integral of an embedded torus in \(R^3\). They also establish estimates for non-compact complete surfaces of finite area.

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