Slow exponential growth representations of Sp(n, 1) at the edge of Cowling's strip
Let \(G\) be one of the simple Lie groups \(\mathrm{SO}_0(n, 1)\), \(\mathrm{SU}(n, 1)\), \(\mathrm{Sp}(n, 1)\) or \(F_4(-20)\). Let \(\rho_s(g)\) be the spherical principal series on \(C^\infty(G/P)\) where \(s \in \mathbb C\), normalized such that \(\rho_{it}\) is unitary for \(t \in \mathbb R\). Thus, \(\rho_s(g) = \lambda_g^{Q/2(1-s)} \rho(g)\) where \(\rho(g)\) is the usual left translation, \(\lambda_g\) is a \(2\)-cocycle related to the derivative of the \(G\)-action and \(Q = (n-1), 2n, (4n+2), 22\), respectively. The groups \(\mathrm{SO}_0(n, 1)\) and \(\mathrm{SU}(n, 1)\) have the Haagerup property and \(\mathrm{Sp}(n, 1), F_{4(-20)}\) have the Kazhdan's property \((T)\). The picture of unitary dual is different in both cases. The complementary series \(\rho_s, -1 < s < 1\) is unitary (for a different inner product) in the first case, while a gap appears between the trivial representation and the complementary series which ranges for \(-(2n-1)/(2n+1) < s < (2n-1)/(2n+1)\) for \(\mathrm{Sp}(n, 1)\) and \(-5/11 < s < 5/11\) for \(F_{4(-20)}\). An important result by \textit{M. Cowling} [in: Harmonic analysis and group representations. Berlin - Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. 50--128 (2010; \url{doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11117-4_2})] states that this gap disappears if one replaces unitary with uniformly bounded representations. Namely, the representations \(\rho_s, -1 < s < 1\), becomes uniformly bounded representations on suitable Sobolev spaces. In the compact picture, Cowling's result [loc. cit.] reads: the representation \(\rho_s\) on the Sobolev space \(\mathcal{H}^\alpha (G/P)\) for \(-1 < s < 1\) is uniformly bounded for \(\alpha = sQ/2\).\N\NIn the paper under review, slow exponential growth of the operator norm of \(\rho_s(g)\) for \(\alpha = sQ/2\) as \(s\) approaches \(1\) is established. This is motivated by a program to prove the Baum-Connes conjecture. The main result is the following:\N\NTheorem: For any \(\varepsilon > 0\), there exists \(C = C(\varepsilon) > 0\) such that for all \(s\) with \(\operatorname{Re}s = 1\), we have \N\[\N\|\rho_s(g)\|_{\mathcal{H}^{Q/2}(G/P) \to \mathcal{H}^{Q/2}(G/P)} \leq C e^{\varepsilon \ell(g)} (1+|\operatorname{Im}(s)|)^{Q/2},\N\]\Nwhere \(\ell(g) = \ell(ka_tk') = |t|\), for \(t \in \mathbb R\).\N From complex interpolation it follows that \N\[\N\|\rho_s(g)\|_{\mathcal{H}^{sQ/2} \to \mathcal{H}^{sQ/2}} \leq C e^{\varepsilon \ell(g)}\N\]\Nfor \(s \in [0, 1]\).\N\NIn the first step of the proof of the main result, the authors reduce the statement to an estimate for the multiplication operator \N\[\N\chi \lambda_{a_t}^{-Q/2(ib)}: \mathcal{H}^{Q/2}(G/P) \to \mathcal{H}^{Q/2}(G/P),\N\]\N(recall that \(\lambda_g\) is the cocycle appearing in the representation) for \(b \in \mathbb R\) and \(\chi\) a smooth function on \(G/P\) supported near the point \(o\). In the second step, using Cayley transform, the compact space \(G/P\) is replaced by the nilpotent group \(\overline{N}\). Thus, the problem is reduced to estimating the norms of the multiplication operator \(\chi (\lambda_{a_t} \circ \mathcal{C} )^{-Q/2(ib)}\) on \(\mathcal{H}^{Q/2}(\overline{N})\). This is done by writing down explicit expressions of the function involved using the coordinates on the \(H\)-type group \(\overline{N}\).
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