Entropy of axial products on N^d and trees
This paper first investigates the range and density of entropy values for isotropic and anisotropic axial products of subshifts of finite type (SFTs) on \(\mathbb{N}^d\) and the \(d\)-tree \(T_d\). The authors prove that the entropies of both isotropic and anisotropic axial products of SFTs on \(\mathbb{N}^d\) are dense in \([0,\infty)\), and the same density property holds for anisotropic axial products on \(T_d\). In contrast, isotropic axial products on \(T_d\) do not exhibit this density property. Building on work by Johnson et al. and Schraudner, the authors derive explicit formulae and characterize the entropy structure for full axial extension shifts on \(\mathbb{N}^d\) and \(T_d\). By combining these results with recent findings on surface entropy for multiplicative integer systems on \(\mathbb{N}^d\), they obtain estimates for the surface entropy of full axial extension shifts on \(T_d\). Finally, the authors extend these results from \(T_d\) to general trees. Let \(d \geq 2\) and \(d \geq r \geq 1\) be two positive integers, \(E = \mathcal{A}^{\mathbb{N}}\). If \(X_1, \ldots, X_{d-r}\) are subshifts, then the authors obtain the following equations:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] \(h(E^r \otimes_{i=1}^{d-r} X_i) = h(\otimes_{i=1}^{d-r} X_i)\), and\N\item[2.] \(h(E^r \times_{i=1}^{d-r} X_i) = r(d-1) \sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \frac{\log |P(\Delta_{j-1}, \times_{i=1}^{d-r} X_i)|}{d^{j+1}}\),\N\end{itemize}\Nwhere \(h(E^r \otimes_{i=1}^{d-r} X_i)\) denotes the entropy of \(E^r \otimes_{i=1}^{d-r} X_i\). In addition, the authors focus on the lower bound for the values of \( \left\{ h\left(E^r \times_{i=1}^{d-r} X_i\right) : X_i \text{ is an SFT } \forall 1 \leq i \leq d-r \right\}. \) In the last section, the authors provide formulas for the entropies \(h(E \times X)\) and \(h(X \times E)\) on Markov-Cayley trees, where \(X \subseteq A^{\mathbb{Z}^d}\).
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