The class number of Q(-pq) for a congruent number pq

DOI10.1007/S40879-025-00814-ZMaRDI QIDQ6981633zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Shamik Das, Anupam Saikia

Publication date 20 May 2025

Published in European Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/S40879-025-00814-Z

zbMATH Keywords

class numbercongruent numberelliptic curve

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Power residues, reciprocity (11A15) Elliptic curves over global fields (11G05) Class numbers, class groups, discriminants (11R29)

Review text

Let \(p, q\) be primes such that \((p,q)\equiv (5,7) \mod 8\). Let \(n=pq\) be a congruent number. The authors prove that the class number \(h(-n)\) of the imaginary quadratic field \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{-n})\) is divisible by \(8\). This result has been proved by \N\textit{H. Qin} [Math. Ann. 383, No. 3--4, 1647--1686 (2022; Zbl 1503.11141)] using the Minkowski-Siegel formula. The authors give a new proof by the method of complete \(2\)-descent for the congruent elliptic curve \(E_n:y^2=x(x^2-n^2)\). Let \(b\) be the \(2\)-descent homomorphism of \(E_n(\mathbb Q)/2E_n(\mathbb Q)\hookrightarrow \mathbb Q^\times/(\mathbb Q^\times)^2\times\mathbb Q^\times/(\mathbb Q^\times)^2\). They show that \(\mathrm{Im}(b)=\{(1,p),(q,1),(q,p),(1,1)\}\) modulo \(b(E_n(\mathbb Q)_{\mathrm{tor}})\), and that \(2\)- Selmer rank of \(E_n\) is \(2\). For \((b_1,b_2)\in \mathrm{Im}(b)\), there exist a positive integer \(d\) and pairwise coprime integers \(a_i (i=1,2,3)\) such that \(b_1a_1^2-b_2a_2^2=nd^2,~b_1a_1^2-b_1b_2a_3^2=-nd^2\). With those relations for all elements of \(\mathrm{Im}(b)\), they prove the quartic residue symbol \(\left(\frac {-q}p\right)_4=1\), and that \(h(-n)\) is divisible by \(8\) by \textit{E. Brown}'s result [Houston J. Math. 7, 497--505 (1981;Zbl 0492.12001)]. They conjecture that \(2\)-primary part of the Shafarevich-Tate group of \(E_n/\mathbb Q\) is trivial and provide a list of computations in SAGA for \(n<50,000\) supporting the conjecture.

Cites work

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