One-dimensional components in the K-moduli of smooth Fano 3-folds
In this paper, the authors complete the classification of one-dimensional components in the K-moduli space \(M_3^{\mathrm{Kps}}\) of K-polystable smoothable Fano \(3\)-folds. Based on the classical Iskovskikh-Mori-Mukai classification, there are \(105\) deformation families of smooth Fano \(3\)-folds. While \(27\) of these families contain no K-polystable smooth \(3\)-folds, the general element of the remaining \(78\) families is K-polystable. Working inductively on the dimension of the moduli components, the authors note that \(20\) of these families contain a unique K-polystable smooth object, corresponding to zero-dimensional K-moduli spaces. This paper focuses on the next step: analyzing \(6\) of the \(8\) families of smooth Fano \(3\)-folds with one-dimensional moduli that contain K-polystable elements. These \(6\) families correspond to the Mori-Mukai notations \(2.24\), \(2.25\), \(2.22\), \(3.12\), \(4.13\), and \(3.13\). The authors explicitly parameterize these families and introduce their singular limits (denoted by \(X_\infty\) or \(X'_\infty\)). The Main Theorem establishes the K-polystability of these singular limits for families \(2.22\), \(3.12\), \(4.13\), and \(3.13\). Combined with results in [\textit{C. Araujo} et al., The Calabi problem for Fano threefolds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2023; Zbl 1536.14032)], the authors prove that all one-dimensional components of \(M_3^{\mathrm{Kps}}\) are isomorphic to \(\mathbb{P}^1\). To prove the K-polystability of these singular \(3\)-folds, the authors apply a powerful criterion due to \textit{Z. Zhuang} [Invent. Math. 226, No. 1, 195--223 (2021; Zbl 1483.14076)]. The argument also relies on the inductive argument of \textit{H. Abban} and \textit{Z. Zhuang} [Forum Math. Pi 10, Paper No. e15, 43 p. (2022; Zbl 1499.14066)]. Another interesting observation is that for Family \(3.13\), which consists of complete intersections of three divisors in \(\mathbb{P}^2 \times \mathbb{P}^2 \times \mathbb{P}^2\), the singular K-polystable limit \(X'_\infty\) is no longer a complete intersection, demonstrating that a K-moduli space may not coincide with the GIT compactification.
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