Invariant stability conditions of local P^1 P^1 (after Del Monte-Longhi)

Derived categories of sheaves, dg categories, and related constructions in algebraic geometry (14F08) Representations of quivers and partially ordered sets (16G20)

Review text

Based on motivation coming from theoretical physics, Bridgeland introduced the space \(\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D})\) of stability conditions on a triangulated category \(\mathcal{D}\) -- see [\textit{T. Bridgeland}, Ann. Math. (2) 166, No. 2, 317--345 (2007; Zbl 1137.18008)]. This space is a complex manifold whose properties are related to categorical properties of \(\mathcal{D}\). Roughly, a stability condition is specified by a heart of a bounded t-structure \(\mathcal{A}\) on \(\mathcal{D}\) and a homomorphism \(Z\in \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathbb{Z}}(K_0(\mathcal{D}),\mathbb{C})\) called the \textit{central charge}. Bridgeland proves that subject to some conditions, the forgetful map \(\mathcal{Z}:\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D}) \to \mathrm{Hom}(K_0(\mathcal{D}),\mathbb{C})\) which sends a stability condition to its underlying central charge is a local homeomorphism, where \(\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D})\) is equipped \textit{a priori} with a natural metric topology. Spaces of stability conditions are a subject of intensive study when \(\mathcal{D}\) is the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves \(\mathcal{D}^b(X)\) of a variety \(X\) or the bounded derived category of representations of an algebra (among other situations).\N\NGiven a triangulated category \(\mathcal{D}\), the author of the present work identifies three non-trivial questions about \(\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D})\):\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] Is \(\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D})\) nonempty?\N\item[2.] Can the biholomorphism type of \(\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D})\) be determined?\N\item[3.] For a given stability condition \(\sigma\) on \(\mathcal{D}\), can one answer various enumerative questions about the \(\sigma\)-(semi)stable objects?\N\end{itemize}\N\NThe above questions are the subject of much study, with Bridgeland constructing stability conditions on curves and stability conditions on smooth projective surfaces being constructed in [\textit{D. Arcara} and \textit{A. Bertram}, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 15, No. 1, 1--38 (2013; Zbl 1259.14014)]. When \(\mathcal{D} = \mathcal{D}^{\mathrm{b}}(X)\) for \(X\) of dimension \(\ge 3\), the above questions concerning \(\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D})\) are less understood. In the present work, the author studies the case of local \(\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1\), which refers to the total space \(X\) of the canonical bundle of \(\mathbb{P}^1\times \mathbb{P}^1\), a quasi-projective threefold. The consideration of this example is motivated in part by a fairly complete description of a subspace of the stability manifold obtained in the physics literature [\textit{F. Del Monte} and \textit{P. Longhi}, Commun. Math. Phys. 398, No. 1, 89--132 (2023; Zbl 1508.81946)].\N\NUsing \textit{J. Rickard}'s derived Morita theory [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 39, No. 3, 436--456 (1989; Zbl 0642.16034)], one can establish an equivalence of triangulated categories between \(\mathcal{D}^b(X)\) and the derived category of modules over a certain non-commutative algebra \(A\). The subcategory \(\mathcal{D}^b_0(X)\) of objects supported along the zero section of \(X\) corresponds to the subcategory whose cohomology objects are nilpotent representations of \(A\); we denote this category \(\mathcal{D}^b_0(A)\). It is important that the algebra \(A\) arises from a quiver with relations, which has four vertices, eight arrows, and a cyclic symmetry.\N\NThe main object of study in this article are stability conditions on \(\mathcal{D}^b_0(X)\), the space of which is denoted \(\mathrm{Stab}(X)\). Using the cyclic symmetry \(\Psi\) of the quiver mentioned above, an autoequivalence of \(\mathcal{D}^b(X)\) is constructed and the author considers \(\Phi := \Psi^2\), which restricts to an autoequivalence of \(\mathcal{D}^b_0(X)\).\N\NBy the above discussion, it is not difficult to construct stability conditions on \(\mathcal{D}^b_0(X)\). These stability conditions have t-structure given by the pullback under the equivalence \(\mathcal{D}^b_0(X) \to \mathcal{D}^b_0(A)\) of the standard heart, consisting of nilpotent representations of \(A\). Their central charge \(Z\) is determined by a choice of where in\N\[\NH:=\{z = r\exp(i\pi \phi):r>0,0<\phi\le 1\} \subset \mathbb{C}\N\]\Nto send the four simple representations of \(A\). This gives a solution to question (1) above.\N\NWe write \(\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{A})\) for the set of stability conditions on \(\mathcal{D}_0^b(X)\) and \(\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{A})^\Phi\) for the locus in \(\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{A})\) invariant under the autoequivalence \(\Phi\); \(\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{A}))^\Phi\) is of complex dimension two whereas \(\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{A})\) is of complex dimension four.\N\NThe first main theorem of the paper computes all of the stable objects for any choice of \(\sigma = (Z,\mathcal{A}) \in \mathcal{U}(\mathcal{A})^\Phi\). There is a trichotomy of behaviors, corresponding to the division of \(\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{A})^\Phi\) into two chambers and a wall separating them. Here, a wall refers to a real codimension one submanifold. This gives a complete answer to question (3) posed above.\N\NTo state the second main theorem, let \((\mathrm{Stab}(X)^\Phi)_0\) denote the connected component of \(\mathrm{Stab}(\mathcal{D}^b_0(X))^\Phi\) which contains \(\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{A})^\Phi\), let \(\varphi\) denote the automorphism of \(K_0(X)\) induced by \(\Phi\), and let \(\mathcal{H} := \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathbb{Z}}(K_0(X),\mathbb{C})^\varphi\) denote the invariant locus of \(\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathbb{Z}}(K_0(X),\mathbb{C})\). The second theorem states that the forgetful map\N\[\N\mathcal{Z}:(\mathrm{Stab}(X)^\Phi)_0 \to \mathcal{H}\N\]\Ngiven by sending a stability condition \(\sigma\) to its underlying (\(\varphi\)-invariant) central charge \(Z\) factors through the complement of a hyperplane arrangement in \(\mathcal{H}\). Furthermore, \(\mathcal{Z}\) is a covering map, which gives a fairly precise answer to question (2) posed above.

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