On integral images of Curtis homomorphisms for GL_n and U_n
This paper investigates the integral image of the Curtis homomorphism (introduced by \textit{C. W. Curtis} [J. Algebra 157, No. 2, 517--533 (1993; Zbl 0787.20026)]) associated to the endomorphism algebra of a Gelfand-Graev representation \(\Gamma_G\) of \(G(\mathbb{F}_q)\), for \(G = \mathrm{GL}_n\) or \(\mathrm{U}_n\) defined over a finite field of characteristic \(p\).\N\NLet \(\Lambda\) be a subring of \(\mathbb{Q}\) containing \(\mathbb{Z}[1/p]\). The Curtis homomorphism \(\operatorname{Cur}_G\) is known to induce an injective \(\mathbb{Q}\)-algebra homomorphism from the endomorphism algebra \(E_G = \operatorname{End}_{\Lambda[G]}(\Gamma_G)\) to a product of group rings \(\prod_{S \in \mathcal{T}_G} \Lambda[S^F]\), where the index set \(\mathcal{T}_G\) consists of \(F\)-stable maximal tori.\N\N\textit{C. Bonnafé} and \textit{R. Kessar} [J. Algebra 320, No. 7, 2847--2870 (2008; Zbl 1197.20037)] had previously shown that this homomorphism is saturated over \(\Lambda\) whenever \(|W|^{-1} \in \Lambda\), where \(W\) is the Weyl group of \(G\). The present article removes this invertibility condition and provides an explicit lattice description of \(\operatorname{Cur}_G(\Lambda E_G)\) in general.\N\NThe main result (Theorem 1.2) states that for \(G = \mathrm{GL}_n\) or \(\mathrm{U}_n\) and \(\Lambda \supseteq \mathbb{Z}[1/p]\), the image \(\operatorname{Cur}_G(\Lambda E_G)\) is the intersection of \(\operatorname{Cur}_G(\mathbb{Q} E_G)\) with a subset \(\Omega\) defined by linear relations indexed by \(F\)-stable Levi subgroups \(L\) and central elements \(s \in Z(L)^F\).\N\NThe proof strategy uses a Fourier-type isomorphism between \(E_G\) and a Grothendieck ring \(K_{G^*}\) on the dual group side, where \(G^*\) is the Deligne-Lusztig dual of \(G\). The isomorphism allows the transfer of the problem to a character-theoretic statement (Theorem 3.2), whose proof uses the Jordan decomposition of characters and the theory of almost characters. A key auxiliary result (Theorem 3.3) expresses all irreducible characters of \(G(\mathbb{F}_q)\) as \(\mathbb{Z}\)-linear combinations of Deligne-Lusztig inductions from linear characters of Levi subgroups.\N\NThe article generalizes known results for \(\mathrm{GL}_2\) and \(\mathrm{GL}_3\) to all \(n\) and provides a framework potentially extendable to other reductive groups.
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