On the Gan-Gross-Prasad conjecture and its refinement for (U(2n), U(1) )
In this paper, the authors study the global Gan-Gross-Prasad (GGP) conjecture and its refinement for unitary groups \(\left(\mathrm{U}(2n),\mathrm{U}(1)\right)\).\N\NLet \(F\) be a number field, \(E\) a quadratic extension of \(F\), and \(\Lambda\) a fixed character of \(\mathbb{A}_{E}^{\times}/\mathbb{A}_{F}^{\times}E^{\times}\). Take \(\mathrm{U}(2n)\) to be the isometry group of a \(2n\)-dimensional non-degenerate Hermitian space over \(E\) with Witt index at least \(n-1\), i.e., \(V=\mathbb{H}^{n-1}\oplus L\), where \(\mathbb{H}\) is the hyperbolic plane over \(E\), and take \(\mathrm{U}(1)\) to be the subgroup of \(\mathrm{U}(L)\) stabilizing a given anisotropic vector.\N\NFor an irreducible cuspidal automorphic representation \(\pi\) of \(\mathrm{U}(2n)\), the authors compute the Whittaker periods on the global theta lift \(\Theta(\pi)\) of \(\pi\) to the isometry group of a skew-Hermitian space, and show that there exists a non-zero Whittaker period if and only if these two groups have the same rank, and with respect to this Whittaker period, \(\Theta(\pi)\) is generic if and only if \(\pi\) has non-zero Bessel period.\N\NUsing this result on Whittaker periods, the authors prove one direction of the global GGP conjecture: suppose that \(\pi\) has a generic component at some finite place, then if \(\pi\) has non-zero Bessel period, the central value of \(L\)-function \(L(\frac{1}{2},\pi\times\Lambda)\) is non-zero. Moreover, if \(\pi\) is tempered, they prove the other direction of the global GGP conjecture in this case, i.e., if the \(L\)-value \(L(\frac{1}{2},\pi\times\Lambda)\) is non-zero, then there exist a pure inner form \(G^{\prime}\) of \(\mathrm{U}(2n)\) and a cuspidal tempered automorphic representation of \(G^{\prime}\) that is nearly equivalent to \(\pi\) and admits non-zero Bessel period. With some conditions on \(E/F\) and \(\pi\), the authors prove the Ichino-Ikeda conjecture for the Bessel period of a cuspidal tempered automorphic representation \(\pi\) of \(\mathrm{U}(2n)\), and also a split analogue in the case of \((\mathrm{GL}_{2n},\mathrm{GL}_{1})\) without these assumptions.
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