Asymptotic Bernstein inequality on lemniscates
The well known Bernstein inequality for the unit disk states that if \(P\) is an arbitrary complex polynomial of degree \(n\), then \(| P'(z)| \leq n\| P\| _D\) for all \(z \in D\), where \(\| P\| _D\) denotes the maximum norm of \(P\) on the closed unit disk \(D\). The author generalizes this inequality to compact sets \(K\) such that \(\partial K\) is a lemniscate. Here, a lemniscate is the preimage of the unit circle \(\partial D\) under a complex polynomial \(r\). Let \(g_K\) denote the Green function of the unbounded component of the complement of \(K\), let \(z \in \partial K\), and assume that \(\partial K\) is smooth at \(z\) (which is equivalent to \(r'(z) \neq 0\)). Furthermore let \(\frac{\partial}{\partial \mathbf{n}_z}\,g_K(z)\) denote the derivative of \(g_K\) at \(z\) with respect to the outer normal vector \(\mathbf n_z\) of \(\partial K\) at \(z\). Then the author proves that \[ | P'(z)| \leq (1+o(1)) n \frac{\partial}{\partial \mathbf n_z}\,g_K(z) \| P\| _K\,. \] Here, the term \(o(1)\) depends only on \(n\), \(K\) and \(z\) but not on \(P\) and tends to \(0\) as \(n\to\infty\). Note that in the case of the unit disk we have \(g_D(z)=\log{| z| }\) so that \(\frac{\partial}{\partial \mathbf n_z}\,g_D(z)=1\). The author also gives examples that this result is sharp. That means that the error term \(o(1)\) may actually occur, and that the term \(\frac{\partial}{\partial \mathbf n_z}\,g_K(z)\) cannot be replaced by a smaller one. More precisely, he shows that \[ \limsup_{n\to\infty}{\left(\sup_{\deg{P}=n} {\frac{| P'(z)| }{n\| P\| _K}}\right)} = \frac{\partial}{\partial \mathbf n_z}\,g_K(z)\,. \]
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