Best constant approximants in Lorentz spaces
Let \(M_{0}\) be the class of all real extended \(\mu \)-measurable functions on \([0,1]\), where \(\mu \) is the Lebesgue measure. For \(f\in M_{0}\), denote by \( \mu _{f}(\lambda )\) the distribution function of \(f\), that is, \(\mu _{f}(\lambda )=\mu (\{x\in [ 0,1]:\mid f(x)\mid >\lambda \})\), (\( \lambda \geq 0\)), and by \(f^{\ast }(t)=\inf \{\lambda :\mu _{f}(\lambda )\) \( \leq t\}\), (\(t\geq 0)\) its decreasing rearrangement. Let \(\omega :(0,1]\rightarrow (0,\infty )\) be a weigth function, non-increasing and locally integrable with respect to \(\mu \). For \(1\leq q<\infty \), the authors consider the Lorentz space \(L^{\omega ,q}=\{f\in M_{0}:\parallel f\parallel _{\omega ,q}<\infty \}\), where \[ \parallel f\parallel _{\omega ,q}=\left( \int_{0}^{1}\omega (t)\left( f^{\ast }(t)\right) ^{q}d\mu (t)\right) ^{1/q}. \] For \(\;f\in L^{\omega ,q}\), let \(C_{f}:=\{c\in \mathbb{R:}\) \(\parallel f-c\parallel =\inf_{k\in \mathbb{R}}\parallel f-k\parallel \}\). Each element of \(C_{f}\) is called a best constant approximant of \(f\). It is known that \( C_{f}\) is a non-empty and compact set of \(\mathbb{R}\). Denote \(\underline{f} =\min (C_{f})\) and \(\overline{f}=\max (C_{f})\) and consider the best approximation operator defined by \(T(f)=C_{f}\). The authors give a characterization of the best constant approximants for a simple function, \(f\), and they stablish a way to obtain the best constant approximant maximum, \(\overline{f}\), and minimum, \(\underline{f}\). Also they study the monotony of the best constant approximation operator \(T\) on the set of the simple functions, in the sense of \textit{D. Landers} and \textit{L. Rogge} [Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Geb. 51, 29--389 (1982; Zbl 0422.60039)], by proving that if \(f,g\) are two simple functions, \(f\leq g\), \(c\in C_{f}\) and \(d\in C_{g}\), then \( c\vee d\in C_{g}\) and \(c\wedge g\in C_{f}\), where \(c\vee d=\max \{f,g\}\) and \(c\wedge g=\min \{f,g\}\).
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