The algebra of formal twisted pseudodifferential symbols and a noncommutative residue
Let \(A\) be an algebra of smooth functions on a manifold \(M\) and \(\tau: A\to {\mathbb C}\) a trace on \(A\) defined by the integral \(\tau(f)=\int_{M}f\); let \(a_i\in A\) and \(D=\sum_{i=-\infty}^Na_i\xi^i\) be a formal pseudodifferential symbol over the algebra \(A\). The Wodzicki (noncommutative) residue is defined as \(\mathrm{res}(D)=\tau(a_{-1})\); it was proved in [\textit{M.~Wodzicki}, Lect. Notes Math. 1289, 320--399 (1987; Zbl 0649.58033)] that the residue is a trace on the associative algebra \(\Psi(A,\delta)\) of all formal pseudodifferential symbols \(D\) compatible with the derivation \(\delta: A\to A\) and such a trace is unique. This result is one of the gems of noncommutative geometry, since the Wodzicki residue of certain pseudodifferential symbols captures the geometric data of the manifold \(M\), such as the volume, length spectrum, etc. The paper under review extends the Wodzicki residue to the case when the ground algebra \(A\) is ``twisted, i.e., endowed with an automorphism \(\sigma: A\to A\) compatible with the derivation \(\delta\); the corresponding associative algebra of formal twisted pseudodifferential symbols is denoted by \(\Psi(A,\sigma,\delta)\). The authors define a linear functional \(\Psi(A,\sigma,\delta)\to {\mathbb C}\) and the main result says that if \(\tau\circ\delta=0\), then the functional is a trace on the algebra \(\Psi(A,\sigma,\delta)\) (Theorem 3.3). The applications to the one-parameter group of automorphisms of \(A\) as well as to the right actions of a group \(\Gamma\) on \(A\) are considered. The paper is pleasant to read, since the authors take time to introduce the subject, to explain their motivation and to provide simple examples, where needed.
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