Ideals of rings of differential operators on algebraic curves (with an appendix by George Wilson).

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Abstract: Let X be a complex smooth affine irreducible curve, and let D = D(X) be the ring of global differential operators on X. In this paper, we give a geometric classification of left ideals in D and study the natural action of the Picard group of D on the space J(D) of isomorphism classes of such ideals. We recall that, up to isomorphism in the Grothendieck group K_0(D), the ideals of D are classified by the Picard group of X: there is a natural fibration gamma: J(D) o Pic(X), whose fibres are the stable isomorphism classes of ideals of D (see cite{BW}). In this paper, we refine this classification by describing the fibres of gamma in terms of finite-dimensional algebraic varieties C_n(X, I), which we call the (generalized) Calogero-Moser spaces. We define these varieties as representation varieties of deformed preprojective algebras over a certain extension of the ring of regular functions on X. As in the classical case (see cite{Wi}), we prove that C_n(X, I) are smooth affine irreducible varieties of dimension 2n. Our results generalize the description of left ideals of the first Weyl algebra A_1(C) in cite{BW1, BW2}; however, our methods are quite different.



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