How large are the level sets of the Takagi function?

DOI10.1007/S00605-012-0390-0zbMATH Open1256.26002arXiv1102.1616OpenAlexW3101224947MaRDI QIDQ714981FDOQ714981

Authors: Pieter C. Allaart 

Publication date: 15 October 2012

Published in: Monatshefte für Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let T be Takagi's continuous but nowhere-differentiable function. This paper considers the size of the level sets of T both from a probabilistic point of view and from the perspective of Baire category. We first give more elementary proofs of three recently published results. The first, due to Z. Buczolich, states that almost all level sets (with respect to Lebesgue measure on the range of T) are finite. The second, due to J. Lagarias and Z. Maddock, states that the average number of points in a level set is infinite. The third result, also due to Lagarias and Maddock, states that the average number of local level sets contained in a level set is 3/2. In the second part of the paper it is shown that, in contrast to the above results, the set of ordinates y with uncountably infinite level sets is residual, and a fairly explicit description of this set is given. The paper also gives a negative answer to a question of Lagarias and Maddock by showing that most level sets (in the sense of Baire category) contain infinitely many local level sets, and that a continuum of level sets even contain uncountably many local level sets. Finally, several of the main results are extended to a version of T with arbitrary signs in the summands.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.1616

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zbMATH Keywords

level setsBaire categoryCatalan numbersTakagi's functionlocal level setsnowhere-differentiable functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nondifferentiability (nondifferentiable functions, points of nondifferentiability), discontinuous derivatives (26A27) Baire category, Baire spaces (54E52)

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Cited In (16)

• On the rate of convergence for Takagi class functions
• Weak tangent and level sets of Takagi functions
• Level sets of the Takagi function: generic level sets
• The Hausdorff dimension of the generalized level sets of Takagi's function
• Level sets of the Takagi function: local level sets
• The Hausdorff dimension of the level sets of Takagi's function
• Hausdorff dimension of level sets of generalized Takagi functions
• The finite cardinalities of level sets of the Takagi function
• Some topological results on level sets and multifractal sets
• Irregular \(1\)-sets on the graphs of continuous functions
• Hausdorff dimension of local level sets of Takagi's function
• On the level sets of the Takagi-van der Waerden functions
• Slices of the Takagi function
• Correction and strengthening of ``How large are the level sets of the Takagi function?
• Level sets of signed Takagi functions
• No-where averagely differentiable functions: Baire category and the Takagi function

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