How large are the level sets of the Takagi function? (Q714981)

Takagi's continuous nowhere differentiable function is defined by \[ T(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\varphi(2^nx)/2^n, \] where \(\varphi(x)\) is the distance from \(x\) to the nearest integer. It is well-known that the range of \(T\) equals \([0,2/3]\). For \(y\in[0,2/3]\) let \(L(y)=\{x\in[0,1]:T(x)=y\}\) be the level set at level \(y\) of the Takagi function. The author studies the size of level sets of the Takagi function from the point of view of measure and Baire category. Buczolich proved that \(L(y)\) is finite for almost every \(y\) with respect to Lebesgue measure on \([0,2/3]\). Lagarias and Maddock proved that the expected cardinality of a level set \(L(y)\) for \(y\) chosen at random from \([0,2/3]\) is infinite. New proofs of these theorems are presented. A quite different picture appears when looking from the point of view of Baire category. The author prove that the set \(S_\infty^{uc}=\{y\in[0,2/3]:L(y)\) in uncountably infinite\(\}\) is residual. The properties of so-called local level sets of Takagi function are also studied.