Bi-Q-structures on Hermitian symmetric spaces and quadratic relations between CM periods

Complex multiplication and moduli of abelian varieties (11G15) Transcendence (general theory) (11J81) Modular and Shimura varieties (14G35) Complex multiplication and abelian varieties (14K22)

Review text

The paper introduces the notion of a bi-\(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\)-structure. This is used to study quadratic relations between holomorphic periods of CM abelian varieties. The authors define bi-\(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\)-structures as follows: if \(W_1= 2 \pi i \bar{\mathbb{Q}}\subset \mathbb{C}\) and \(W_2 = \bar{\mathbb{Q}} \subset \mathbb{C}\) are \(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\) structures on \(\mathbb{C}\), then \(\alpha \in \mathbb{C}\) is called \textit{bi-\(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\) for \(W_1\)} (resp. \(W_2\)) if \(\alpha \in W_1\) (resp. \(W_2\)) and \(e^{\alpha} \in \bar{\mathbb{Q}}^*\) (resp. \(\alpha = 0\)). The pair \((W_1, W_2)\) is called a \textit{bi-\(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\)-structure on \(\mathbb{C}\)}. The definition is intended to capture theorems of Gelfond-Schneider and Lindemann which state that if \(\alpha \in \bar{\mathbb{Q}}\) and \(e^{2 \pi i \alpha} \in \bar{\mathbb{Q}}^*\) then \(\alpha \in \mathbb{Q}\), and if \(e^{\alpha} \in \bar{\mathbb{Q}}^*\) then \(\alpha = 0\), respectively. The authors prove that if \(A\) is a \(g\)-dimensional CM abelian variety then the tangent space \(T_0A\) admits a natural bi-\(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\)-structure, which decomposes in a canonical way as\N\[\NT_0 A = \bigoplus_{j=1}^g \mathbb{C}(\theta_j),\N\]\Nwhere the terms \(\theta_j\) are the \textit{holomorphic periods} of \(A\). Polynomial relations between periods are the source of many open questions. Würtholz's analytic subgroup theorem (WAST) [\textit{G. Wüstholz}, Ann. Math. (2) 129, No. 3, 501--517 (1989; Zbl 0675.10025)] describes linear relations for linear algebraic groups and 1-motives. It implies that holomorphic periods of CM abelian varieties are transcendental, and \(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\)-linearly independent if \(A\) has no square factors. However, little is known outside of the case of linear relations. The main focus of the paper is to introduce a framework to address the following questions:\N\begin{enumerate}\N\item are all non-trivial \(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\)-quadratic relations between holomorphic periods \(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\)-linear combinations of elementary relations, which are relations of the form\N\[\N\theta_j \theta_{j'} - c_{jj' kk'} \theta_k \theta_{k'} = 0\N\]\Nwith \(\{j,j'\} \neq \{k, k'\}\) and \(c_{j j' kk'} \in \bar{\mathbb{Q}}^*\)?\N\item Is\N\[\N\operatorname{dim}_{\bar{\mathbb{Q}}} \bigoplus_{1 \leq j \leq j' \leq g} \bar{\mathbb{Q}} \theta_j \theta_{j} = \frac{g(g+1)}{2}\N\]\Nwhen the Mumford-Tate group of \(A\) is a maximal torus?\N\end{enumerate}\NThe authors introduce a natural bi-\(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}\)-structure on the tangent space at a CM-point of a Shimura variety and prove it has a decomposition much as for \(T_0A\), which they calculate for the moduli of abelian varieties \(\mathbb{A}_g\). They then introduce the `analytic subspace conjecture', which generalises WAST in this setting, and show it provides a positive answer to the aforementioned questions in the case of \(\mathbb{A}_g\).

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