On the Frattini subgroup and the pF-hypercenter of a finite group
Let \(\mathfrak{F}\) be a saturated formation. The paper gives criteria for normal subgroups of a finite group to be contained in the \(p\mathfrak{F}\)-hypercenter. One of the main results states that, if \(K\unlhd G\), \(P\) is a Sylow \(p\)-subgroup of \(K\), \(d\) is a power of \(p\) with \(1<d\leq |P|\), and \(N\unlhd G\) is such that every \(p\)-chief factor of \(G/N\) is \(\mathfrak{F}\)-central, then the condition \(H\cap N\leq\Phi(H)\) for every normal subgroup \(H\) of \(P\) with \(|H|=d\) implies \(K\leq Z_{p\mathfrak{F}}(G)\).\N\NFor a saturated formation \(\mathfrak{F}\) containing the class \(\mathfrak{U}\) of supersolvable groups, the authors also obtain a criterion for membership in \(\mathfrak{F}\). Namely, let \(E\unlhd G\) with \(G/E\in\mathfrak{F}\), and let \(X\unlhd G\) satisfy \(F^{*}(E)\leq X\leq E\). Then \(G\in\mathfrak{F}\) provided that, for every prime \(p\) dividing \(|X|\) and every Sylow \(p\)-subgroup \(P\) of \(X\), either \(P\) is cyclic or there are a normal subgroup \(N\) of \(G\) such that \(G/N\) is \(p\)-supersolvable and a power \(d\) of \(p\) with \(1<d\leq |P|\) such that \(H\cap N\leq\Phi(H)\) for every normal subgroup \(H\) of \(P\) with \(|H|=d\). Several criteria for \(p\)-nilpotency, \(p\)-supersolvability and nilpotency, including results involving \(S\Phi\)-supplemented and \(\mathcal{M}\)-normal embedded subgroups, are obtained as consequences.
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