Conjugacy classes of special automorphisms of the affine spaces
In the group of polynomial automorphisms of the plane, the conjugacy class of an element is closed if and only if the element is diagnoseable. In this article, author show that this does not hold for the group of \textit{special automorphisms} (i.e. with Jacobian equal to \(1\)), giving then a first step towards the direction of showing that this group is not simple, as an infinite-dimensional algebraic group. An element \(f\in\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{A}^{n}_{\mathrm{k}})\) is \textit{dynamically regular} if the extensions of \(f\) and \(f^{-1}\) to \(\mathbb{P}^{n}_{\mathrm{k}}\) have disjoint indeterminacy loci and \(f\) is \textit{algebraic} if \(\{\deg(f^n)\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\) is bounded. The dynamically regular elements are never algebraic, and in dimension~\(2\), non-algebraic elements are conjugate to dynamically regular elements. The paper is nice and the main results of the paper are follows: {Theorem 1.} Let \(f\in \mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathrm{k}} )\) be a dynamically regular element. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] If \(\alpha\in \mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathrm{k}((t))})\) is such that \(\alpha f \alpha^{-1}\) has a value at \(t=0\), then this value is conjugate to \(f\) by \(\alpha(0)\) in \(\mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathrm{k}})\) (in particular \(\alpha\) is defined at \(t=0\)). \item[(2)] For each integer \(d\), the set \(\{gfg^{-1}\mid g\in \mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathrm{k}}), \deg(g)\leq d\}\) is closed. \item[(3)] If \(n=2\), the conjugacy class of \(f\) in \(\mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathrm{k}})\) is closed. \item[(4)] If \(\mathrm{k}\) is uncountable, the following holds: For each morphism \(A\to \mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathrm{k}} )\), where \(A\) is an algebraic variety, the preimage of the conjugacy class of \(f\) contains the closure of each locally closed subset \(B\subset A\) that it contains. \end{itemize}} For 2-dimensional case the situation is following {Theorem 2} Let \(f\in \mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^{2}_{\mathrm{k}})\). Then, one of the following holds: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] If \(f\) is diagonalisable, its conjugacy class is closed. \item[(2)] If \(f\) is algebraic but not diagonalisable, its conjugacy class is not closed. More precisely, there exists an element \(F\in \mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^{2}_{\mathrm{k}[t]})\) such that for each \(t\neq 0\), \(F(t)\in \mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^{2}_{\mathrm{k}})\) is conjugate to \(f\), and \(F(0)\in \mathrm{SAut}(\mathbb{A}^{2}_{\mathrm{k}})\) is diagonalisable. \item[(3)] If \(f\) is not algebraic, its conjugacy class is closed. \end{itemize}} One of the most important tool is to consider papmetric sets of conjugations first introduced in [\textit{A. Kanel-Belov}, \textit{J.-T. Yu} and \textit{A. Elishev}, ``On the Zariski topology of automorphism groups of affine spaces and algebras, preprint (2012), \url{arXiv:1207.2045}].
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