Modification rule of monodromies in an R₂-move

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Publication:740538



Abstract: An R_2-move is a homotopy of wrinkled fibrations which deforms images of indefinite fold singularities like Reidemeister move of type II. Variants of this move are contained in several important deformations of wrinkled fibrations, flip and slip for example. In this paper, we first investigate how monodromies are changed by this move. For a given fibration and its vanishing cycles, we then give an algorithm to obtain vanishing cycles in one reference fiber of a fibration, which is obtained by applying flip and slip to the original fibration, in terms of mapping class groups. As an application of this algorithm, we give several examples of diagrams which were introduced by Williams to describe smooth 4-manifolds by simple closed curves of closed surfaces.


In cohomology theory fundamental classes \(S_w\) of Schubert varieties \(\Omega_w\) can be interpreted as universal degeneracy locus formulas. The classes \(S_w\)-called double Schubert polynomials--can be obtained by an explicit description of \(S_{w_0}\) and a recursion. Fundamental classes exist and are well defined in \(K\)-theory as well, and similar results hold as the ones described above. Analogous results are expected in extraordinary cohomology theories if the notion of fundamental class is defined in the theory and is independent of the choices (resolution). It turns out that these theories are exactly the one with multiplicative group laws. The author calculates these classes for connective \(K\)-theory, and hence finds an interpretation of Fomin-Kirillov's double \(\beta\)-polynomials. As a corollary Thom-Porteous formulas are obtained for connective \(K\)-theory.











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