Fusion: a general framework for hierarchical tilings of R ^d

DOI10.1007/S10711-013-9893-7MaRDI QIDQ741623zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Natalie Priebe Frank, Lorenzo Sadun

Publication date 12 September 2014

Published in Geometriae Dedicata (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.4930

dynamical spectrum invariant measures mixing self-similar substitution

Ergodicity, mixing, rates of mixing (37A25) Symbolic dynamics (37B10) Quasicrystals and aperiodic tilings in discrete geometry (52C23)

Abstract: We introduce a formalism for handling general spaces of hierarchical tilings, a category that includes substitution tilings, Bratteli-Vershik systems, S-adic transformations, and multi-dimensional cut-and-stack transformations. We explore ergodic, spectral and topological properties of these spaces. We show that familiar properties of substitution tilings carry over under appropriate assumptions, and give counter-examples where these assumptions are not met. For instance, we exhibit a minimal tiling space that is not uniquely ergodic, with one ergodic measure having pure point spectrum and another ergodic measure having mixed spectrum. We also exhibit a 2-dimensional tiling space that has pure point measure-theoretic spectrum but is topologically weakly mixing.

Review text

This article develops a formalism towards handling \textit{hierarchical tilings}. These are tilings of \(\mathbb R^d\) coming with a hierarchy of coarser tilings, with more and more tiles being fused together. More precisely, the authors consider a group \(G\) acting by isometries on \(\mathbb R^d\), and a finite collection \(\mathcal P_0\) of tiles -- subsets of \(\mathbb R^d\) homeomorphic to closed balls -- such that some union of \(G\)-translates of elements of \(\mathcal P_0\) cover all of \(\mathbb R^d\) with empty-interior intersections. Select then a finite collection \(\mathcal P_1\) of tiles, each of which is a finite union of \(G\)-translates of elements of \(\mathcal P_0\) with empty-interior intersection, then \(\mathcal P_2\), etc. The data of all \(\mathcal P_n\) constitutes a \textit{fusion rule} \(\mathcal R\). An actual tiling of \(\mathbb R^d\) follows the fusion rule \(\mathcal R\) if its tiles belong to \(\mathcal P_0\) and if every finite union of tiles in it is contained in some \(G\)-translate of some tile in some \(\mathcal P_n\). The space \(X_{\mathcal R}\) of all tilings following a given fusion rule \(\mathcal R\) is naturally a topological space (two tilings are close to each other if they differ by a small \(G\)-movement on a large ball), endowed with a continuous \(G\)-action by homeomorphisms. A large part of the text phrases tiling problems in terms of the \(G\)-space \(X_{\mathcal R}\), and explores its properties: is the \(G\)-action minimal? is it ergodic? uniquely ergodic? topologically mixing? The authors then consider a \(G\)-invariant probability measure \(\mu\) on \(X_{\mathcal R}\); so \(G\) acts linearly on \(L^2(X_{\mathcal R},\mu)\). They study the spectrum of the operators associated with the \(G\)-action, and derive conditions for them to have pure point spectrum. In parallel with the formalism developed in the paper, a large number of examples, some classical and some original ones, are presented.

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