Eulerian graded D-modules

, are Eulerian graded. As an application of our theory, we prove that in all characteristic, these composite of local cohomology modules must be isomorphic to a direct sum of

^{*} E (n)

, the graded injective hull of

R / m

shifted by

n

. This answers a question raised in arXiv:1102.5336. An application of our theory of Eulerian graded

D

-modules to the graded injective hull of

R / P

, where

P

is a homogeneous prime ideal of

R

, is discussed as well.

Review text

The paper under review is devoted to the study of certain graded modules over rings of differential operators over polynomial rings. Let \(R = K[x_{1},\dots, x_{n}]\) be a polynomial ring over a field \(K\) and \(\mathfrak{D} = R\langle\partial_{i}^{[j]}\,|\,1\leq i\leq n, \,j\geq 1\rangle\) the ring of differential operators over \(R\) (\(\partial_{i}^{[j]}\) denotes the \(j\)th order differential operator \(\frac{1}{j!}\cdot\frac{\partial^{j}}{\partial x_{i}^{j}}\)). The natural \(\mathbb{Z}\)-grading on \(R\) and \(\mathfrak{D}\) is given by \(\deg(x_{i}) = 1\), \(\deg(\partial_{i}^{[j]}) = -j\), \(\deg(c) = 0\) for \(c\in K\). The \(r\)th Euler operator denoted by \(E_{r}\) is defined as \(E_{r}:= \sum_{i_{1}+\dots + i_{n} = r, \,i_{1}\geq 0,\dots, i_{n}\geq 0}x_{1}^{i_{1}}\dots x_{n}^{i_{n}}\partial_{1}^{[i_{1}]}\dots \partial_{n}^{[i_{n}]}\). A graded \(\mathfrak{D}\)-module is called \textit{Eulerian}, if every homogeneous element \(z\in M\) satisfies the equality \(E_{r}z = {\deg(z)\choose r}z\) for every \(r\geq 1\). It is shown (Theorem 2.6) that a graded \(\mathfrak{D}\)-module \(M\) with a set of homogeneous generators \(\{g_{1}, g_{2},\dots\}\) is Eulerian if and only if each \(g_{j}\) satisfies the last equality. The authors obtain a number of results on Eulerian graded modules in the cases of zero and prime characteristics of the basic field \(K\). In particular, they prove the following statements (Theorems 1.1 and 1.2 of the paper) that are the main results of the paper: With the above notation, let \(\mathfrak{m} = (x_{1},\dots, x_{n})\) and let \(J_{1},\dots, J_{s}\) be homogeneous ideals of \(R\). Then (1) \(R(l)\) is Eulerian if and only if \(l=0\); (2) Let \(^{\ast}E\) be the graded injective hull of \(R/\mathfrak{m}\). Then \(^{\ast}E(l)\) is Eulerian if and only if \(l=n\); (3) Each local cohomology module \(H_{J_{1}}^{i_{1}}(\dots (H_{J_{s}}^{i_{s}}(R)))\) is Eulerian for all \(i_{1},\dots, i_{s}\); (4) All socle elements of each \(H_{\mathfrak{m}}^{i_{0}}(H_{J_{1}}^{i_{1}}(\dots (H_{J_{s}}^{i_{s}}(R))))\) must have degree \(-n\), and consequently each \(H_{\mathfrak{m}}^{i_{0}}(H_{J_{1}}^{i_{1}}(\dots (H_{J_{s}}^{i_{s}}(R))))\) is isomorphic (as a graded \(\mathfrak{D}\)-module) to a direct sum of copies of \(^{\ast}E(n)\).

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