Hilbert functions of double point schemes in P^2
Let \(\mathbb X\subset \mathbb P^2_k\) be a general set of \(s\) distinct points, with \(k\) an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(0\). Let \(R=k[x_0,x_1,x_2]\) be the graded ring associated to \(\mathbb P^2\) and \(I_X=p_1\cap \dots \cap p_s\subset R\) be the defining ideal of \(s\). Let \(2\mathbb X\) be the scheme of \(\mathbb P^2\) with defining ideal \({p_1^2}\cap \dots\cap{p_s^2}\). \textit{A. V. Geramita}, \textit{J. Migliore} and \textit{L. Sabourin} [J. Algebra 298, No. 2, 563--611 (2006; Zbl 1107.14048)] asked whether it is possible to find the Hilbert functions of all the non-reduced subschemes defined by ideals of the type \({p_1^2}\cap \dots\cap{p_s^2}\), whose underlying reduced subscheme was any set of \(s\) distinct points. This difficult problem has been taken up in several papers see [\textit{A. V. Geramita}, \textit{B. Harbourne} and \textit{J. Migliore}, Collect. Math. 60, No. 2, 159--192 (2009); erratum ibid. 62, No. 1, 119--120 (2011; Zbl 1186.14008)] and [\textit{A. V. Geramita}, \textit{B. Harbourne} and \textit{J. Migliore}, ``Hilbert functions of fat point subschemes of the plane: the two-fold way, \url{arxiv:1101.5140}] obtaining satisfying results in the case \(s\leq 9\) (in this case, the exponents of the ideals \(p_i\) can be any positive integer). In the general case, the Hilbert function \(H_{2\mathbb X}\) has the upper bound \(H_{2\mathbb X}(t)\leq \min\{\binom{t+2}{2},3s\}\) and this bound is achieved for any \(s\neq 2,5\) and for \(X\) set of general \(s\) points having the generic Hilbert function \(H_{\mathbb X}(t)=\min\{\binom{t+2}{2},s\}.\) Geramita, Migliore and Sabourin [Zbl 1107.14048] ask whether, in the case that the Hilbert function of \(X\) is the generic Hilbert function, there is a lower bound and wether such a bound is achieved for some \(2\mathbb X\). In their paper they give an affirmative answer in the case \(s=\binom{d}{2}\). This implies that the first open case is \(s=11\). In this paper the authors give an affirmative answer in the case \(s=11\) and give a supportive evidence that the problem might have a positive answer for any \(s\), by proving that for any \(s\) the assertion holds for the ``first half of the Hilbert function.
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