Rank and bias in families of hyperelliptic curves via Nagao's conjecture

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2020.04.017zbMATH Open1469.11169arXiv1906.09407OpenAlexW3027348916WikidataQ123305977 ScholiaQ123305977MaRDI QIDQ784295FDOQ784295

Authors: Trajan Hammonds, Benjamin Logsdon, Álvaro Lozano-Robledo, Steven J. Miller, Seo Young Kim 

Publication date: 3 August 2020

Published in: Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $mathcalX:y^2=f(x)$ be a hyperelliptic curve over $mathbbQ(T)$ of genus $ggeq1$. Assume that the jacobian of $mathcalX$ over $mathbbQ(T)$ has no subvariety defined over $mathbbQ$. Denote by $mathcal{X}_t$ the specialization of $mathcalX$ to an integer $T=t$, let $a_{mathcal{X}_t}(p)$ be its trace of Frobenius, and $A_{mathcalX,r}(p)=frac1psu{m}_{t=1}^p{a}_{mathcal{X}_t}(p{)}^r$ its $r$-th moment. The first moment is related to the rank of the jacobian $J_{m}athcalXleft(mathbbQ(T)ight)$ by a generalization of a conjecture of Nagao: ${\displaystyle }$lim_{X o infty} frac{1}{X} sum_{p leq X} - A_{mathcal{X},1}(p) log p = operatorname{rank} J_mathcal{X}(mathbb{Q}(T)).${\displaystyle }$ Generalizing a result of S. Arms, 'A. Lozano-Robledo, and S.J. Miller, we compute first moments for various families resulting in infinitely many hyperelliptic curves over $mathbbQ(T)$ having jacobian of moderately large rank $4g+2$, where $g$ is the genus; by Silverman's specialization theorem, this yields hyperelliptic curves over $mathbbQ$ with large rank jacobian. Note that Shioda has the best record in this directon: he constructed hyperelliptic curves of genus $g$ with jacobian of rank $4g+7$. In the case when $mathcalX$ is an elliptic curve, Michel proved $pcdot{A}_{mathcalX,2}=p^2+Oleft(p^{3/2}ight)$. For the families studied, we observe the same second moment expansion. Furthermore, we observe the largest lower order term that does not average to zero is on average negative, a bias first noted by S.J. Miller in the elliptic curve case. We prove this bias for a number of families of hyperelliptic curves.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.09407

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zbMATH Keywords

rankbiasJacobianshyper-elliptic curves

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Elliptic curves over global fields (11G05) Varieties over finite and local fields (11G25) Curves over finite and local fields (11G20)

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Cited In (5)

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• Title not available (Why is that?)
• The Sato-Tate conjecture and Nagao's conjecture
• Lower-order biases in elliptic curve Fourier coefficients in families
• The rank of hyperelliptic Jacobians in families of quadratic twists

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