The construction of negatively Ricci curved manifolds
We give the affirmative answer to the problem rose by Bourguignon that the connected sum of two Riemannian manifolds with negative Ricci curvature has a metric with negative Ricci curvature. We also proved that the connected sum along circles of two negatively Ricci curved manifolds has a metric with negative Ricci curvature. This connected sum is defined as follows. Let \(X_ 1\) and \(X_ 2\) be two \(C^{\infty}\) manifolds, and \(\gamma_ i\) is a simple closed curve in \(X_ i (i=1,2)\). Take a smooth tubular neighborhood \(V_ i\) of \(\gamma_ i\) in \(X_ i\), let \(\phi:\partial V_ 1\to \partial V_ 2\) be a diffeomorphism of the boundaries. We use \(X_ 1\oplus_{\phi}X_ 2\) to denote the manifold obtained by gluing \(X_ 1-V_ 1\) and \(X_ 2- V_ 2\) along the boundaries by \(\phi\). We call \(X_ 1\oplus_{\phi}X_ 2\) the connected sum along circles of \(X_ 1\) and \(X_ 2\). Particularly in dimension three, we use the above results and some topological constructions to obtain new manifolds with a negative Ricci curvature metric. Given a complete three dimensional Riemannian manifold M with a negative Ricci curvature metric, then there are complete negatively Ricci curved metrics on \(M\oplus S^ 2\times S^ 1\); \(M\oplus S^ 2\times S^ 1\oplus L(p,q)\), and on \(M\oplus S^ 2\times S^ 1\oplus \Sigma \times S^ 1\), where \(\Sigma\) is any oriented Riemannian surface.
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