How bad can a Banach space with the approximation property be?

Abstract approximation theory (approximation in normed linear spaces and other abstract spaces) (41A65) Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) Linear operators belonging to operator ideals (nuclear, (p)-summing, in the Schatten-von Neumann classes, etc.) (47B10)

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A Banach space X is said to have the approximation property (AP) if for every compact K in X and every \(\epsilon>0\) there is a bounded linear operator of finite rank \(T:X\to X\) such that \(\| Tx-x\|<\epsilon\) for all x in K. X is said to have the bounded approximation property (BAP) if we can take all these T uniformly bounded in norm. \textit{T. Figiel} and \textit{W. B. Johnson} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 41, 197-200 (1973; Zbl 0289.46015)] showed that the AP does not imply the BAP. The author considers the relative bounded approximation property BAP(J) with respect to a subspace J of L(X): The identity \(I_ x\) is in the closure of some ball in the topology of compact convergence. Thus \(BAP=BAP(F),\) where F is the subspace of finite-rank operators. He shows that AP does not imply BAP(J) for some wider classes J of operators, e.g. the weakly compact operators, the strictly singular operators or the completely continuous operators. Thus showing that a space with the AP may be quite bad. The Figiel-Johnson construction provides also an example of a nonnuclear operator with a nuclear adjoint. This is possible here, too. In fact, for each of the classes J above, there is a Banach space X and an operator \(T=\sum x'\!_ n\otimes x_ n\) on X, so that T is nonnuclear, \(T^*\) is nuclear, \(\sum x'\!_ n(x_ n)\) converges and \(| \sum x'\!_ n(Ux_ n)| \leq \| U\|\) for every \(U\in J\). Thus, a nonnuclear operator may be quite good.

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