Étude théorique et numérique de la fonction de Karlin-McGregor
continuous iterationentire functionFourier expansionfunctional equationPoincaré's functionSchröder's function
Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Other special functions (33E99) Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations (39B12) Computation of special functions and constants, construction of tables (65D20) General theory of numerical methods in complex analysis (potential theory, etc.) (65E05)
For the sake of this summary, we consider an entire function f(z) which has the following properties: If x is a real value of (0,1), then \(0<f(x)<x,\) moreover the value f'(1) is b, \(b>1\) and the value \(f'(0)\) is a, \(0<a<1\). \textit{S. Karlin} and \textit{J. McGregor} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 132, 115-136 and 137-145 (1968; Zbl 0159.461 and Zbl 0157.125)] introduced a function K(y) through two other functions, a Schröder's function S(x) and a Poincaré's function P(y). S(x) is analytic at 0, \(S'(0)=1\) and satisfies the functional equation \(S(f(x))=aS(x)\) for x in (0,1). P(y) is analytic at 0, \(P(0)=1, P'(0)=-1\) and satisfies the functional equation \(P(by)=f(P(y))\) for y in \((0,\infty)\). If \(c=\)- log(a)/log(b), then K(y) is defined as \(S(P(y))y^ c.\) According to the deep study of Karlin-Mc Gregor, K(y) is never a constant function. Our concern is the numerical study of the function K, which is well defined on a sector of the complex plane. In many cases, on the positive real axis, the function is almost constant. For example, if \(f(x)=(x+x^ 2)/2,\) then for any positive y, the thirteen first decimal digits of K(y) are always the same. In this paper, we undertake the numerical computation of the function S, P and K. The Fourier expansion of \(K(b^ t)\) is given and an explanation of very small variations of K on the positive axis is presented.
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