A generalization of a Phragmén-Lindelöf-type theorem for elliptic linear equations

Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs (35B05) Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Boundary values of solutions to elliptic equations and elliptic systems (35J67)

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Let L denote a strongly elliptic second order differential operator (with certain mild restriction of continuity and boundedness of the coefficients) in an unbounded domain D contained in a strip in \(R^ n | x_ n|<h\leq 1\), \(-\infty<x_ i<\infty\), \(i=1,...,n-1\). A theorem of P-L type asserts that a subsolution u\((Lu\leq 0)\) that is \(\leq 0\) on the boundary \(\partial D\) of D and continuous on the closure of D satisfies either (1) \(u\leq 0\) everywhere in D or (2) u(x) increases exponentially as \(| x| \to \infty\) in D. The present paper studies the case where an exceptional set \(E\subset \partial D\) is allowed and it is only assumed that \(u\leq 0\) on \(\partial D\backslash E\), but a similar alternative still holds. The condition imposed upon the size of the set E is expressed in terms of the s- capacity of E: \(Cap_ s(E)=\sup \mu(E),\) where the supremum is over measures \(\mu\) carried by E such that \[ \sup_{x\not\in E}\int_{E}| x-y|^{-s}\quad d\mu(y)\leq 1. \] In most of the work one has \(s=n-2\).

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